Mimi ninajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu kila jioni.

I reply to my friend’s email every evening.

Breakdown of Mimi ninajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu kila jioni.

• mimi: I
• kila: every
• yangu: my
• ya: of
• kujibu: to reply
• barua pepe: email
• rafiki: friend
• jioni: evening

Questions & Answers about Mimi ninajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu kila jioni.

What is the function of Mimi in this sentence?

Mimi is the explicit subject pronoun meaning “I.” In Swahili the verb prefix ni- already marks 1st person singular, so including Mimi is optional and serves only to add emphasis or clarity.
Without it, Ninajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu kila jioni still means “I reply my friend’s email every evening.”

How is the verb ninajibu formed? What do ni-, -na-, and -jibu stand for?

Breakdown of ninajibu:
• ni- = subject prefix for 1st person singular (“I”)
• -na- = present tense marker (can indicate ongoing or habitual action)
• jibu = verb stem “reply/answer”
Combine them: ni- + na- + jibu → ninajibu = “I reply” or “I am replying.”

What does barua pepe mean? Why not just barua?

• barua alone means “letter” (a paper letter).
• barua pepe is a compound (“letter + electronic/pepe”) borrowed from Arabic, meaning email.
  You need both words to specify you’re talking about an email rather than a postal letter.

How do you express “my friend’s email” with barua pepe ya rafiki yangu? Why is ya used, and why is the possessor yangu at the end?

Swahili shows possession by:

1. Placing the possessed noun first (barua pepe, class 9)
2. Adding the genitive connector for that class (ya)
3. Following with the possessor noun plus a possessor suffix (rafiki
   • -angu → rafiki yangu)
     So barua pepe ya rafiki yangu literally = “email of friend + my.”

What does kila jioni mean? How is kila used with time expressions?

• kila = “every” (unchanging, no noun-class agreement)
• jioni = “evening”
  Together kila jioni = every evening. You can pair kila with any time noun: kila siku (every day), kila wiki (every week), etc.

Why is kila jioni placed at the end of the sentence? Can it go elsewhere?

Swahili word order is quite flexible. Time expressions like kila jioni often appear at the beginning or end, depending on emphasis or style. Both are correct:
• Kila jioni ninajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu.
• Ninajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu kila jioni.

Does the verb kujibu require a preposition before the object, like jibu kwa barua pepe, or can it take the object directly?

Kujibu is transitive and takes its object directly. You say jibu barua pepe, not jibu kwa barua pepe. The verb itself carries the meaning “reply to/answer.”

How would you turn this sentence into a question meaning “Do you reply your friend’s email every evening?”

1. Change the subject prefix to 2nd person singular (u-).
2. Change the possessor suffix to 2nd person (rafiki
   • -ako → rafiki yako).
3. (Optional) Add the question particle Je at the start.
   Examples:
   • Je, unajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yako kila jioni?
   • Unajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yako kila jioni? (with rising intonation)

Does ninajibu imply you are replying right now, or can it also mean you reply every evening as a habit?

The -na- marker covers both: ongoing action (“I am replying”) and habitual action (“I reply every evening”). Here, kila jioni tells us it’s a habitual action.

How can you express this sentence in other tenses like past or future?

Replace the tense marker -na- with:
• Past (simple): -li- → Nilijibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu kila jioni.
• Present perfect: -me- → Nimejibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu kila jioni.
• Future: -ta- → Nitajibu barua pepe ya rafiki yangu kila jioni.
Note that for a habitual meaning you normally stick with -na- even when talking about regular past or future routines.