Mwanafunzi anachunguza ripoti kabla ya mkutano.

The student examines the report before the meeting.

Breakdown of Mwanafunzi anachunguza ripoti kabla ya mkutano.

• mwanafunzi: the student
• kabla ya: before
• mkutano: the meeting
• ripoti: the report
• kuchunguza: to examine

Questions & Answers about Mwanafunzi anachunguza ripoti kabla ya mkutano.

What does Mwanafunzi mean, and how is that word formed?

Mwanafunzi means “student.” It is formed from the prefix mwana- (“child of” or “person associated with”) plus the root -funzi (“learn”). In Swahili noun-class terms it’s a class 1 (singular human) noun.

How is the verb anachunguza built up in Swahili?

Anachunguza breaks down into three parts:
• a- = 3rd person singular subject prefix (“he/she/it”)
• -na- = present-tense (often called “present habitual/continuous”) marker
• chunguza = verb root “examine/investigate”
So anachunguza literally means “he/she is examining” or “he/she examines.”

Why isn’t there an object marker before ripoti?

Swahili allows a direct-object marker (DOM), but it is optional when the object is a full noun. If you used it, you’d get anai-chunguza ripoti, which is redundant. Native speakers simply say anachunguza ripoti (“examines the report”).

What noun classes do ripoti and mkutano belong to, and how does that affect agreement?

• Ripoti is a loanword in class 9/10 (singular/plural form the same). It takes no prefix in this sentence except the optional DOM.
• Mkutano is class 3 (singular; class 4 plural would be mikutano).
Because mkutano is class 3, any genitive or prepositional concord with it uses ya (not wa or la).

Why do we say kabla ya mkutano instead of kabla wa mkutano or kabla la mkutano?

Kabla is a noun meaning “before” that requires a genitive link to the next noun. The genitive marker must agree with the class of that noun. Here mkutano is class 3, whose genitive concord is ya. Hence kabla ya mkutano = “before the meeting.”

Can the order of phrases change? For example, can I say “Before the meeting, the student examines the report”?

Yes. Swahili has relatively free word order for adverbial/time phrases. You can say:
Kabla ya mkutano, mwanafunzi anachunguza ripoti.
It still means “Before the meeting, the student examines the report.”

How would I express this sentence in past or future tense?

Just replace the tense marker -na- with the past -li- or future -ta-:
• Past: Mwanafunzi alichunguza ripoti kabla ya mkutano. (“The student examined the report…”)
• Future: Mwanafunzi atachunguza ripoti kabla ya mkutano. (“The student will examine the report…”)

Could I use anapitia instead of anachunguza, and what’s the nuance?

Yes. Anapitia comes from pitia (“go through, review”).
• anachunguza focuses on examining in detail or investigating.
• anapitia suggests scanning or reviewing more generally.
Both are correct; choice depends on how deep the examination is.

If the direct object were a pronoun (“it”), how would I include it in the verb?

Use an object-marker between the subject prefix and tense marker. For “it” (class 9), you’d use i-:
Mwanafunzi anaichunguza kabla ya mkutano.
Here a- (he) + na- (present) + i- (it) + chunguza (examine) = “He examines it before the meeting.”