Sebule inahitaji kusafishwa kabla ya wageni kufika.

The living room needs to be cleaned before guests arrive.

Breakdown of Sebule inahitaji kusafishwa kabla ya wageni kufika.

• mgeni: the guest
• kabla ya: before
• sebule: the living room
• kufika: to arrive
• kuhitaji: to need
• kusafishwa: to be cleaned

Questions & Answers about Sebule inahitaji kusafishwa kabla ya wageni kufika.

What noun class is sebule, and what does that imply for the verb inahitaji?

sebule (“living room”) is a class 9 noun (no prefix on the noun itself). In the present tense, class 9 takes the subject prefix i-. So inahitaji breaks down as:
• i- (class 9 subject)
• -na- (present tense marker)
• hitaji (stem “need”)
• -a (final vowel)
Altogether inahitaji means “it needs.”

Why is kusafishwa used instead of kusafisha, and how is this passive formed?

We use the passive because sebule is the thing to be cleaned, not the one doing the cleaning. To form the passive infinitive:

1. Start with the infinitive marker ku-
2. Take the active verb safisha (“to clean”)
3. Add the passive suffix -wa
   Result: ku + safisha + wa → kusafishwa, meaning “to be cleaned.”

What role does the ku- prefix play in kusafishwa and kufika, and why aren’t these verbs conjugated for person?

ku- marks the infinitive (verbal noun) in Swahili. After verbs like hitaji (“need”) or prepositions like kabla ya (“before”), you use an infinitive to express an action or timing. Infinitives stay in the form ku- + stem and never take subject prefixes or tense markers.

Why do we say kabla ya wageni kufika instead of using a fully conjugated clause?

kabla ya is a preposition that requires a noun phrase. To say “before the guests arrive,” you:

1. Nominalize the verb with ku- → kufika
2. Place its subject, wageni (“guests”), before it
   This gives the noun phrase wageni kufika that correctly follows kabla ya.

Can we rephrase the time clause with walipofika, and what’s the nuance?

Yes. A relative-clause version is kabla wageni walipofika, using:
• -po- (relative marker)
• -li- (past tense)
This version is more narrative or past-focused (“before the guests arrived”), whereas kabla ya wageni kufika (with the infinitive) is more general or future-oriented (“before the guests arrive”).

Why doesn’t inahitaji take an object marker for kusafishwa?

With a noun object (e.g., Ninahitaji sukari), Swahili can use object prefixes, but when the object is an infinitive you don’t attach an object concord. You simply place the infinitive after the verb: inahitaji kusafishwa, never inani-kusafishwa.

How would you express this sentence in the past and in the future?

Change the tense marker in inahitaji to:
• Past (-li-):
Sebule ilihitaji kusafishwa kabla ya wageni walipofika
• Future (-ta-):
Sebule itahitaji kusafishwa kabla ya wageni kufika
In the past version you often switch the time clause to walipofika, but you can also leave it as kufika.