Learn Hardcore Swahili: Baba anafanya kazi katika kampuni.

Baba means dad or father.
anafanya is formed by the subject prefix a- (referring to a third-person singular subject like Baba), the tense marker na (indicating the present tense), and the root fanya which means to do.
kazi translates as work or job. When combined with fanya, it forms the idiomatic expression meaning to work.
katika is a preposition meaning in or at.
kampuni means company (a loanword adapted from English).

Together, the sentence means Dad works at a company.

How is the present tense expressed in the verb phrase anafanya?

Swahili verbs include both a subject prefix and a tense marker. In anafanya:

a- is the subject prefix corresponding to a third-person singular subject (in this case, Baba).
na is the marker that signals the present tense, indicating that the action is happening right now or regularly.
fanya is the verb root meaning to do. Thus, anafanya translates to he works or is working.

What is special about the expression fanya kazi when expressing the idea of working?

Swahili often uses a do‑structure to express certain activities. Instead of a direct equivalent for to work, Swahili combines:

fanya (to do) with
kazi (work/job). This idiomatic expression, fanya kazi, is the standard way to say to work. It emphasizes that one is “doing work,” which is a common construction in Swahili.

What function does the preposition katika serve in this sentence?

The preposition katika means in or at and is used to denote location. In katika kampuni, it specifies the place where the working action takes place—namely, at a company.

Why is Baba capitalized in this sentence, and is it always capitalized in Swahili?

In this sentence, Baba is capitalized because it is the first word of the sentence, following general writing conventions. In Swahili, as in English, common nouns like dad or father (when used generically) are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence or are used as a proper name.

Is kampuni a native Swahili word or a loanword, and how common is its usage?

Kampuni is a loanword derived from the English word company. It has been adapted into Swahili and is widely used, especially in contexts relating to business or modern employment.