Mimi ninapita daraja jioni.

I pass the bridge in the evening.

Breakdown of Mimi ninapita daraja jioni.

• mimi: I
• katika: in
• jioni: the evening
• daraja: the bridge
• kupita: to pass

Questions & Answers about Mimi ninapita daraja jioni.

What is the literal English translation and breakdown of the sentence Mimi ninapita daraja jioni?

It translates to “I am crossing the bridge in the evening.”
• Mimi means I.
• Ninapita is formed by the subject prefix ni- (I), the present tense marker -na-, and the verb root pita (to cross), indicating that the action is taking place now or on a habitual basis.
• Daraja means bridge.
• Jioni means in the evening.

How is the verb ninapita constructed, and what does each part signify in terms of tense and subject?

The verb ninapita is broken down as follows:
• ni-: The subject marker for I.
• -na-: A tense/aspect marker that indicates the present tense or ongoing action (often compared to the present continuous in English).
• pita: The root form of the verb, meaning to cross.
Thus, the verb form communicates that I am currently crossing or habitually cross.

Is it necessary to include the pronoun Mimi when the verb form already indicates the subject “I”?

No, it’s not strictly necessary because the subject marker (ni-) in ninapita already conveys that the action is performed by I. However, Mimi can be included for emphasis or clarity, especially for learners who are still becoming comfortable with subject pronouns and verb conjugations in Swahili.

What role does daraja play in the sentence and how is definiteness expressed in Swahili compared to English?

Daraja means bridge and serves as the object of the verb. Swahili does not use articles like “the” or “a” as English does. Instead, definiteness is implied from context. So daraja can mean a bridge or the bridge depending on the situation without any additional word to indicate definiteness.

Why is the time expression jioni placed at the end of the sentence, and could its position be changed?

Jioni means in the evening and functions as an adverbial phrase describing the time of the action. In Swahili, time expressions typically come at the end of the sentence, which is the natural and most common word order. While there is some flexibility in Swahili syntax, placing jioni at the end clearly indicates when the action happens and aligns with standard usage.