Learn Hardcore Swahili: Tatizo ni kubwa, lakini lina suluhisho. - The problem is big, but it has a solution.

In Swahili, ni acts as the copula, similar to the English verb is. It links the subject tatizo (problem) with the predicate adjective kubwa (big), forming the statement "The problem is big."

How does the adjective kubwa function in this sentence, and does it need to agree with tatizo?

In this construction, kubwa serves as a predicate adjective following the copula ni. In Swahili, adjectives in the predicate position typically remain in their base form without needing additional noun class prefixes. Even though adjectives often agree with their subjects elsewhere, here kubwa directly describes tatizo without extra modification.

What does lakini mean, and why is it used in this sentence?

Lakini means but. It is used to contrast the two parts of the sentence: the first clause conveys that the problem is big, while the second clause—introduced by lakini—indicates that the problem comes with a solution.

How is possession expressed in the clause lina suluhisho?

Swahili expresses possession using the verb kuwa na (to have). In lina suluhisho, lina is the present tense form of this verb for a noun in Class 5. It combines the subject prefix li- (which agrees with tatizo) with na, meaning "has a solution."

Why is the form lina used instead of something like ina?

Swahili verbs must agree with the noun class of their subjects. Since tatizo belongs to Class 5, the correct subject prefix for the verb to have is li-, resulting in lina. Using ina would be incorrect because that form corresponds to a different noun class.

Can you break down the structure of lina into its components?

Certainly. Lina is made up of the subject prefix li-, which is used for Class 5 nouns like tatizo, and na, from the construction of kuwa na (to have). Together, they form the present tense verb meaning "has," indicating that "the problem has a solution."