Kitabu changu ni tofauti.

My book is different.

Breakdown of Kitabu changu ni tofauti.

• ni: to be
• kitabu: the book
• changu: my
• tofauti: different

Questions & Answers about Kitabu changu ni tofauti.

Why is the possessive adjective changu placed after the noun kitabu instead of before it?

In Swahili, possessive adjectives follow the noun they modify. So instead of saying “my book” as in English, Swahili uses the order “book my,” which gives us kitabu changu.

What role does the word ni play in this sentence?

The word ni serves as the linking verb, equivalent to the English “is.” It connects the subject, kitabu changu (my book), to the predicate adjective tofauti (different), completing the sentence.

Does the adjective tofauti need to agree with the noun kitabu, and why does it not change form?

While many Swahili adjectives adjust their form to match the noun’s class by using specific prefixes, tofauti is an example of an invariable adjective. It remains unchanged regardless of the noun it describes, so it does not adopt any additional marking to agree with kitabu.

Which noun class does kitabu belong to, and how does this affect related words like possessives or adjectives?

Kitabu is a noun from the Ki/vi class, meaning its singular form is kitabu and the plural is vitabu. Although many adjectives in Swahili change to agree with the noun’s class, possessive suffixes like -changu remain consistent, and some adjectives (like tofauti) are invariable, so the overall structure stays the same.

Is the sentence structure in Kitabu changu ni tofauti typical for Swahili, and can it be applied to other sentences?

Yes, the structure is very common in Swahili. It follows the pattern: [noun] + [possessive suffix] + [linking verb ni] + [predicate adjective]. This pattern will be familiar for many descriptive sentences in Swahili, although some adjectives and verbs might show additional agreement based on noun classes in different contexts.