Ripoti inaonyesha uwiano wa gharama.

Because i- is the subject marker that agrees with ripoti.

In Swahili, the verb often shows who or what is doing the action. So:

• i- = it
• -na- = present tense
• -onyesha = show, display, indicate

So inaonyesha literally means something like it shows.

With the full sentence, Ripoti inaonyesha... is literally The report, it shows..., but in natural English we just say The report shows...

Ripoti is normally treated as a class 9 noun in the singular. That matters because class 9 nouns use the subject marker i-.

So:

• ripoti = report
• class 9 singular subject marker = i-
• therefore: ripoti inaonyesha = the report shows

This is very common with borrowed nouns in Swahili.

Swahili usually does not use articles like English the and a/an.

So ripoti can mean:

• a report
• the report

The exact meaning depends on context.

Likewise, uwiano wa gharama can be understood as:

• a cost ratio
• the cost ratio
• ratio of costs

Context tells you which one is most natural.

Here wa works like of in English.

So:

• uwiano wa gharama = ratio of cost / ratio of costs / cost ratio

This type of connector is very common in Swahili. It links two nouns together, often showing possession, relationship, type, or association.

Because this connector agrees with the first noun, not the second one.

The first noun here is uwiano. That noun takes the connector wa in this kind of construction.

So the logic is:

• head noun: uwiano
• matching connector: wa
• second noun: gharama

That gives uwiano wa gharama.

A very important rule: in these noun + connector + noun phrases, the connector changes according to the noun before it.

Uwiano usually means ratio, proportion, balance, or relationship, depending on context.

In this sentence, it most naturally suggests something like:

• ratio
• proportion
• cost relationship

If the sentence appears in a financial, statistical, or business context, ratio or proportion is usually the best fit.

Gharama is a bit flexible in meaning. It often refers to cost, expense, or costs, depending on context.

So uwiano wa gharama might be understood as:

• cost ratio
• ratio of cost
• ratio of costs
• expense ratio

In real usage, you often do not need to force a strict singular/plural distinction with gharama the way you would in English.

Yes, it is quite close here.

The sentence structure is:

• Ripoti = subject
• inaonyesha = verb
• uwiano wa gharama = object / noun phrase

So it is basically:

• Report shows cost ratio
• natural English: The report shows the cost ratio or The report shows the ratio of costs

This makes the sentence relatively easy for English speakers to follow.

Yes. The tense marker -na- is often used for the present in a broad sense.

So inaonyesha can mean:

• shows
• is showing
• sometimes even does show, depending on context

In simple dictionary-style translation, shows is usually the best choice.

No. In Swahili, the idea of it is already built into the verb through the subject marker.

So:

• inaonyesha already contains the idea it shows

That means you do not need another separate word for it.

This is one of the biggest differences from English.

You would say:

Ripoti zinaonyesha uwiano wa gharama.

The noun ripoti stays the same in form, but the verb changes:

• singular: ripoti inaonyesha = the report shows
• plural: ripoti zinaonyesha = the reports show

So the important change is:

• i- for singular
• zi- for plural

Yes, many learners will see both onyesha and onesha.

So these are commonly treated as variants:

• inaonyesha
• inaonesha

Both mean it shows.

In teaching materials, onyesha is very common, but you may encounter onesha in real usage too.