¿Has terminado de guardar la vajilla o todavía falta algún plato?

Has terminado is the tú form of the present perfect: haber + past participle.

In Spain, this tense is very commonly used for actions that are recent or still connected to the present moment. Since the question is about whether the task is finished now, ¿Has terminado...? sounds very natural in Peninsular Spanish.

In many parts of Latin America, ¿Terminaste...? would also be very common in the same situation.

Because Spanish normally uses terminar de + infinitive to mean to finish doing something.

So:

terminar de guardar = to finish putting away

You would not normally say terminar guardar in standard Spanish.

Here, guardar means to put away.

This verb can mean different things depending on context, such as to keep, to store, to save, or to put away. In a sentence about dishes, it means putting them back in their usual place, such as a cupboard or cabinet.

La vajilla means the tableware / the dishes / the crockery as a group.

It is a collective noun, so Spanish uses the singular form even though it refers to multiple items. That is why you get la vajilla rather than a plural noun.

So guardar la vajilla means putting away the set of dishes, not just one item.

Spanish often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

Has terminado clearly means you have finished, so tú is not necessary. It would only be added for emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

It is informal singular, because has terminado is the tú form.

If you wanted to make it formal, you would use usted and say:

¿Ha terminado de guardar la vajilla o todavía falta algún plato?

Because the subject is algún plato, which is singular.

Spanish makes the verb agree with the subject:

• falta algún plato = some/any plate is still missing
• faltan platos = some dishes are still missing

So falta is singular because plato is singular.

Algún means some or any, depending on context.

In this question, it has the sense of any:

todavía falta algún plato = is any plate still missing?

If you said un plato, it could sound more like a particular plate or just one plate, which is not quite the same idea.

Also, algún is the shortened form of alguno before a masculine singular noun like plato.

Here, faltar means something like to be missing or to still be left.

Spanish often uses faltar in situations where English might say:

• to be missing
• to be left
• to remain

So todavía falta algún plato is a natural Spanish way to say that there may still be a dish left to deal with.

Yes. In this sentence, todavía and aún are basically interchangeable.

Both can mean still or yet here:

• todavía falta algún plato
• aún falta algún plato

Both are correct. Todavía is often especially common in everyday speech.