La pata todavía duele.

Pata usually means paw or leg of an animal. In some contexts, it can also be used informally for a person’s leg, but that depends on region and tone.

So this sentence sounds most naturally like it is talking about:

• an animal’s paw/leg, or
• a person’s leg in a casual, informal, or non-standard way

If you mean a human leg in a neutral way, pierna is usually the safer word.

Spanish often uses the definite article with body parts, where English usually uses a possessive.

So Spanish commonly says:

• Me duele la cabeza = My head hurts
• Le duele el brazo = His/Her arm hurts
• La pata todavía duele = The leg/paw still hurts or, depending on context, His/Her leg still hurts

The possession is often understood from context, so Spanish does not always need mi, tu, su, etc.

With doler, Spanish very often includes an indirect object pronoun to show who feels the pain:

• Me duele la pata = My leg/paw hurts
• Le duele la pata = His/Her leg/paw hurts

In La pata todavía duele, that pronoun is omitted, so the sentence is more general or depends heavily on previous context. It can sound like:

• The leg/paw still hurts
• That leg/paw still hurts

So the sentence is grammatical, but in real conversation, speakers often include the pronoun if they want to make clear whose pain it is.

Doler works a lot like gustar.

The painful thing is the grammatical subject:

• La pata duele = The paw/leg hurts
• Las patas duelen = The paws/legs hurt

And the person affected is usually shown with an indirect object pronoun:

• Me duele la pata
• Te duele la pata
• Le duele la pata

So duele is singular here because la pata is singular.

Because la pata is singular.

• La pata duele = one leg/paw hurts
• Las patas duelen = more than one leg/paw hurts

With doler, the verb agrees with the thing that hurts, not with the person who feels the pain.

Todavía means still in this sentence.

So:

• La pata todavía duele = The leg/paw still hurts

It shows that the pain started earlier and continues now.

Yes. In this sentence, aún and todavía both mean still.

• La pata todavía duele
• La pata aún duele

Both are correct. In everyday speech, todavía is often more common and may feel a bit more natural for many learners to use.

Yes. Word order can be flexible.

These are all possible:

• La pata todavía duele
• La pata duele todavía
• Todavía duele la pata

They all mean roughly the same thing, though the emphasis can shift slightly. The version you have is very natural.

It can be, but it depends on the country and tone.

For a human leg, the more neutral standard word is usually pierna:

• La pierna todavía duele

Using pata for a person can sound:

• informal
• colloquial
• joking
• rude, in some contexts
• region-specific

So if you are unsure, pierna is the safer choice for a human.

Usually no. Pata is more like paw, animal leg, or sometimes leg in informal speech.

For foot, Spanish normally uses pie:

• El pie todavía duele = The foot still hurts

So if the meaning is specifically foot, pata would usually not be the standard word.

Spanish usually prefers the simple present with doler for a current state:

• La pata duele
• La pata todavía duele

Using está doliendo is possible in some cases, but it is less common and usually sounds more marked, like focusing on the pain as an ongoing process at that exact moment.

For most everyday situations, duele is the normal choice.

Yes, it is very close in meaning.

• La pata todavía duele = The leg/paw still hurts
• La pata sigue doliendo = The leg/paw keeps hurting / still hurts

Sigue doliendo can sound a little more explicit about the pain continuing over time, but both are very natural.

With la pata, it clearly refers to physical pain, because pata is a body part.

The verb doler can also be used more figuratively in other expressions, but in this sentence the meaning is straightforwardly physical.