La abogada habla con mi familia sobre la justicia.

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Questions & Answers about La abogada habla con mi familia sobre la justicia.

In la abogada, why do we use la and end the word with -a? Could I say el abogado here?

La abogada is the feminine form of el abogado (lawyer).

  • La = the (for feminine singular nouns)
  • Abogada = female lawyer (feminine form of abogado)

You use la abogada when you are talking about a woman.
You would say el abogado when you are talking about a man.

So in this sentence, the lawyer is understood to be a woman, which is why la abogada is used. You can’t mix them (❌ la abogado, ❌ el abogada).

Why is it habla and not hablar or hablo?

Habla is the present tense, third-person singular form of hablar (to speak / to talk).

  • hablar = to speak (infinitive)
  • hablo = I speak (yo)
  • habla = he/she speaks, or you (usted) speak

In this sentence, the subject is la abogada (she), so the verb must be habla:

  • La abogada habla… = The (female) lawyer speaks / is speaking…
Can habla mean both speaks and is speaking in English?

Yes. Spanish simple present often covers both meanings:

  • La abogada habla con mi familia sobre la justicia.
    • She speaks with my family about justice.
    • She is speaking with my family about justice.

If you really want to emphasize that it’s happening right now, you can also say:

  • La abogada está hablando con mi familia… = The lawyer is talking with my family…

But in everyday speech in Latin America, habla is very commonly used for both.

Why is there no ella in the sentence? Why not Ella la abogada habla… or Ella habla…?

Spanish is a “null-subject” language: you usually don’t need subject pronouns because the verb ending already tells you who the subject is.

  • Habla already shows it’s he / she / usted.
  • We also explicitly have la abogada as the subject.

So La abogada habla… is complete and natural.

You could say Ella habla con mi familia…, but then you wouldn’t usually also repeat la abogada right after it. You’d say either:

  • Ella habla con mi familia… (She speaks…)
    or
  • La abogada habla con mi familia… (The lawyer speaks…)

Ella la abogada habla… is not natural.

Why is it mi familia and not mis familia? In English we say my family, but my doesn’t change.

In Spanish, mi/mis agree in number (singular/plural) with the noun:

  • mi = my (singular noun)
  • mis = my (plural noun)

Familia is grammatically singular (even though it refers to several people), so you must use mi:

  • mi familia = my family (one family)
  • mis familias = my families (more than one family – rare, special context)

So mi familia is correct.

Does mi change for gender? For example, would it be different for a masculine noun?

No, mi does not change for gender, only for number.

  • mi mamá = my mom
  • mi papá = my dad
  • mi casa = my house
  • mi libro = my book

And plural:

  • mis amigos = my (male/mixed) friends
  • mis amigas = my (female) friends

So mi familia is correct regardless of whether the family members are male or female.

Why do we say con mi familia and not use the personal a (a mi familia) here?

The preposition is determined by the verb:

  • hablar con alguien = to talk with someone
  • hablar a alguien = to talk to someone (more one-directional, like addressing or lecturing them)

In your sentence, con mi familia is linked to habla con (speaks with), so you must use con, not a.

If you changed the verb to another pattern, you might use a:

  • La abogada le explica la situación a mi familia. = The lawyer explains the situation to my family.

Here, explicar algo a alguien naturally takes a.

What is the difference between hablar con, hablar de, and hablar sobre?

They answer different questions:

  • ¿Con quién? (With whom?)

    • hablar con alguien = to talk with someone
      • La abogada habla con mi familia… = The lawyer talks with my family…
  • ¿De qué? / ¿Sobre qué? (About what?)

    • hablar de algo = to talk about something
    • hablar sobre algo = to talk about / regarding something (often a bit more formal)
      • …sobre la justicia. = …about justice.
      • …de la justicia. = …about justice.

You can combine them like in your sentence:

  • hablar con mi familia sobre la justicia
    = talk with my family about justice.
Why is it sobre la justicia instead of de la justicia? Is there a difference?

Both are correct and very common:

  • hablar de la justicia
  • hablar sobre la justicia

In most everyday contexts, they mean the same: to talk about justice.

Nuance:

  • sobre can sound a little more formal or focused on the topic (regarding / on the subject of).
  • de is the more general, very frequent choice for “about.”

In Latin American Spanish, you will hear both all the time. Your sentence is perfectly natural.

Why is it la justicia and not just justicia without an article, like in English about justice?

Spanish often uses the definite article with abstract nouns, where English does not:

  • la justicia = justice
  • la libertad = freedom
  • el amor = love

So:

  • Habla sobre la justicia. = She speaks about justice.

Leaving out the article (habla sobre justicia) is possible in some contexts, but it sounds less usual and more technical or stylistic. Sobre la justicia is the normal, natural form.

Is justicia always feminine? Why not el justicia?

Yes, justicia (the concept of justice) is always feminine:

  • la justicia = justice

It’s a noun ending in -cia, and these are almost always feminine in Spanish:

  • la democracia = democracy
  • la policía = police
  • la paciencia = patience

There is a rare, old-fashioned word el justicia in some historical or regional uses meaning a specific kind of judge/official, but in modern general Spanish, justice (as a concept) is always la justicia.

How do you pronounce the tricky parts: habla, abogada, familia, justicia in Latin American Spanish?

Key points:

  • h is silent:

    • hablaa-bla
  • b (in habla, abogada) sounds like English b, but between vowels it’s softer, like a smooth b/v.

  • abogada:

    • stress on ga: a-bo-GA-da
  • familia:

    • stress on mi: fa-MI-lya
    • lia sounds like lya (the i and a blend a bit).
  • justicia:

    • j is like a strong h sound: , from the throat: hu-STE-sya (approx.)
    • stress on ti: jus-TI-cia

So a rough English-friendly approximation:

  • La abogada habla con mi familia sobre la justicia.
    La a-bo-GA-da A-bla kon mi fa-MI-lya SO-bre la hus-TI-sya.