Learn Hardcore Spanish (Latin America): Si me equivoco, uso el borrador y sigo escribiendo. - If I make a mistake, I use the eraser and keep writing.

me equivoco, uso, sigo: present indicative, 1st person singular.
escribiendo: gerund (present participle) used with seguir to mean “to keep/continue doing.”

Why is it me equivoco and not just equivoco?

Because the common verb is the pronominal equivocarse (“to make a mistake, to be wrong”). You need the reflexive pronoun: me equivoco = “I make a mistake/I’m wrong.”
Without the pronoun, equivocar is transitive (“to mix up/confuse [something]”): Equivoco el nombre = “I mix up the name.”

Why is si not accented here? What’s the difference between si and sí?

si (no accent) = “if.” That’s what we have here: Si me equivoco…
sí (accent) = “yes” or a stressed reflexive pronoun (“himself/herself/itself”).
They’re pronounced the same; the accent only changes meaning in writing.

Why is the present used after si? Shouldn’t it be future for a future situation?

In Spanish, the si-clause never uses the future. For real/likely situations, use present in the si-clause:

Si me equivoco, uso… (habit)
Si me equivoco, usaré… (main clause can be future)

How do I say a more hypothetical “If I were to make a mistake, I would use the eraser”?

Use the imperfect subjunctive + conditional:

Si me equivocara, usaría el borrador.
Past unreal:
Si me hubiera equivocado, habría usado el borrador.

What does borrador mean in Latin America? Is goma okay?

borrador: “eraser” (often pencil eraser; also “board eraser” in many places; and “draft” of a text in other contexts).
goma or goma de borrar: also common for a pencil eraser.
Note: goma can mean “rubber band,” “hangover,” or “condom” depending on the country, so goma de borrar is safest for clarity.

Why is it el borrador and not un borrador or mi borrador?

Spanish often uses the definite article with objects used as tools in general habits/routines. Uso el borrador = “I use the eraser (the one I have/the one available).”
You could also say uso un borrador (introducing a non-specific eraser) or uso mi borrador if you want to stress possession.

Could I say borro instead of uso el borrador?

Yes:

Si me equivoco, borro y sigo escribiendo.
If you want to mention what you erase:
Si me equivoco, borro el error.
Or with a pronoun:
…lo borro y sigo escribiendo.

What does seguir + gerund express? Why not seguir a escribir?

Seguir + gerund means “to keep/continue doing”:

Sigo escribiendo = “I keep writing.”
Spanish does not use seguir a + infinitive for this meaning. The correct pattern is seguir + gerund.

Is continuar interchangeable with seguir here?

Often yes:

Continúo escribiendo ≈ Sigo escribiendo (continue writing).
Register: seguir is very common and colloquial; continuar can sound a bit more formal. Both take a gerund in this use.

Should it be y or e before sigo? I’ve seen y change to e sometimes.

It stays y. Spanish changes y to e only before words starting with the “i” sound (like hijo, iglesia): padre e hijo.
Since sigo starts with “s,” you keep y: …y sigo…

Where do object pronouns go if I want to say “I keep writing it”?

You can place them before seguir or attach them to the gerund:

Lo sigo escribiendo.
Sigo escribiéndolo.
If you attach it, add a written accent to keep the stress: escribiéndolo.

Why doesn’t equivoco have an accent? Isn’t equívoco a word too?

(yo) me equivoco: verb form, no accent; default stress is on vo: e-qui-VO-co.
equívoco (with accent): noun/adjective meaning “misunderstanding/ambiguous.”
Different words, different stress patterns.

Could I use cuando instead of si for a habitual meaning?

Yes, if you mean “whenever”:

Cuando me equivoco, uso el borrador y sigo escribiendo.
Si is conditional/hypothetical; cuando is temporal/habitual.

Why is there a comma after the si clause?

When a dependent clause comes first, Spanish uses a comma before the main clause:

Si me equivoco, uso…
If the main clause comes first, you normally don’t use a comma:
Uso el borrador si me equivoco.

Why is there no yo? Can I add it?

Spanish frequently drops subject pronouns because the verb ending shows the subject.
You can add yo for emphasis/contrast: Si yo me equivoco, uso…

Does this also mean “If I’m wrong…” (as in opinions), not just writing mistakes?

Yes. Equivocarse works for both “to make a mistake” and “to be wrong.”
Example: Si me equivoco, corrígeme. = “If I’m wrong, correct me.”

How would I say this in the past (habit vs. one time)?

Habit in the past (imperfect): Si me equivocaba, usaba el borrador y seguía escribiendo.
One specific time (preterite): Si me equivoqué, usé el borrador y seguí escribiendo.
Note: With preterite in the si-clause, it often implies you’re not sure whether the mistake happened.

How can I say “If I happen to make a mistake …”?

Si llego a equivocarme, uso el borrador y sigo escribiendo.
That adds the nuance of “happen to/by chance.”