Lekar pregleda moje grlo.

• Lekar = the subject
• pregleda = the verb
• moje grlo = the direct object

So the structure is the very familiar subject + verb + object pattern: Lekar pregleda moje grlo.

Serbian normally does not use articles.

So lekar can mean:

• a doctor
• the doctor

Which one is meant depends on the context.

The same is true for grlo:

• a throat
• the throat

In this sentence, the possessive moje already makes it clear that it means my throat.

Because grlo is a neuter singular noun.

In Serbian, possessive words like my must agree with the noun they describe:

• moj = masculine singular
• moja = feminine singular
• moje = neuter singular

Examples:

• moj brat = my brother
• moja ruka = my hand
• moje grlo = my throat

So moje is used because grlo is neuter.

It is in the accusative case, because it is the direct object of the verb pregleda.

The doctor is examining what?
→ moje grlo

A useful detail: for many neuter singular nouns, the accusative looks the same as the nominative. So:

• nominative: moje grlo
• accusative: moje grlo

The form does not change, even though the grammatical role does.

pregleda is the 3rd person singular verb form, matching lekar = doctor.

At a beginner level, you can understand it as:

• he/she examines
• the doctor examines

The basic dictionary form you will often see is pregledati.

A slightly more advanced note: Serbian verbs also have aspect, so later you may meet related forms such as pregledava in some contexts. But for this sentence, the key point is simply that pregleda is the form used with he/she/it.

Yes. Serbian word order is more flexible than English because case endings help show what each word is doing.

This sentence has a neutral order: Lekar pregleda moje grlo.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Moje grlo pregleda lekar.
• Pregleda lekar moje grlo.

These do not usually change the basic meaning, but they can change the focus or style. For learners, subject + verb + object is the safest default.

Yes, sometimes.

• Lekar pregleda moje grlo. = The doctor examines my throat.
• Lekar pregleda grlo. = The doctor examines a/the throat or the throat, depending on context.

If it is already obvious whose throat is being discussed, Serbian may omit the possessive. But moje makes it explicit.

grlo means throat.

If you want to say neck, the usual word is vrat.

So:

• grlo = throat
• vrat = neck

That is an important distinction, because English speakers sometimes mix them up.

No. lekar and doktor are both common.

• lekar = doctor, physician
• doktor = doctor

In many everyday situations, either word can work. Lekar is a very standard Serbian word, while doktor is also extremely common in speech.

So you may also hear: Doktor pregleda moje grlo.

A rough English-style guide is:

LEH-kar preh-GLEH-da MOH-yeh GR-loh

A few tips:

• j in Serbian sounds like English y
• moje sounds roughly like MOH-yeh
• grlo has a consonant cluster that may feel difficult at first; say the r clearly
• Serbian spelling is quite phonetic, so words are usually pronounced much as they are written

Word by word:

• lekar
• pregleda
• moje
• grlo