Stomatolog vidi karijes.

Serbian does not have articles like English the and a/an. So stomatolog can mean the dentist or a dentist, and karijes can mean the cavity/tooth decay or a cavity, depending on context.

In a simple standalone sentence like this, English usually supplies the article from context, but Serbian leaves it unspoken.

Stomatolog is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the sentence — the person doing the action.

So in:

Stomatolog vidi karijes.
the dentist is the one who sees, so stomatolog is nominative.

Yes, the direct object is in the accusative case, and karijes is indeed accusative here.

The reason it looks unchanged is that karijes is a masculine inanimate noun, and many masculine inanimate nouns have the same form in nominative and accusative singular.

So:

• nominative: karijes
• accusative: karijes

That is completely normal in Serbian.

Vidi is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb videti / vidjeti (to see).

So:

• ja vidim = I see
• ti vidiš = you see
• on/ona/ono vidi = he/she/it sees

In this sentence, stomatolog is singular, so the verb is vidi.

Yes, Serbian word order is more flexible than English because case endings help show who is doing what.

The neutral, basic order here is:

Stomatolog vidi karijes.
subject + verb + object

But other orders are possible, especially for emphasis:

• Karijes vidi stomatolog.
• Vidi stomatolog karijes.

These do not all feel equally neutral, though. The original sentence is the most straightforward and natural as a simple example.

It can refer to caries, tooth decay, or a cavity, depending on context.

In everyday English, people often translate it as a cavity, but the Serbian word can be a bit broader medically. If this is a beginner sentence, The dentist sees a cavity is usually the easiest interpretation.

Stomatolog is a correct word and is commonly understood, especially in more formal or medical contexts. Another very common everyday word is zubar.

So both can mean dentist, but:

• stomatolog = more formal/professional
• zubar = very common in everyday speech

A rough pronunciation guide for an English speaker is:

stoh-mah-TOH-log VEE-dee KAH-ree-yes

A few helpful notes:

• v is pronounced like English v
• i is always like ee in see
• r is trilled or tapped
• j is pronounced like English y
• so karijes sounds roughly like kah-ree-yes

Here vidi comes from videti/vidjeti, which is usually treated as an imperfective verb in basic learning contexts.

It means sees or is seeing, depending on context. In a simple sentence like this, English usually translates it as sees.

Serbian aspect is important, but in a basic present-tense example like this, the main thing to notice is that vidi is the normal present form meaning sees.

In some contexts, yes, English might naturally translate it that way, especially if the point is that the cavity is visible. But literally, vidi just means sees.

So the most direct translation remains:

The dentist sees a/the cavity.

Any extra nuance like can see would come from context, not from a separate Serbian word in this sentence.

You would use the plural form of karijes:

Stomatolog vidi karijese.

Here:

• karijesi = nominative plural
• karijese = accusative plural

So the object changes clearly in the plural.

Yes. For example:

• On vidi karijes. = He sees the cavity.
• Ona vidi karijes. = She sees the cavity.

Serbian often drops subject pronouns when they are already clear from context, but in a beginner sentence they are often included for clarity.