Пришейте пуговицу к пальто.

Пришейте comes from пришить, which means to sew on / attach by sewing. The prefix при- adds the idea of attaching something to something else.

So:

• шить = to sew
• пришить = to sew on, sew onto, attach by sewing

In this sentence, the goal is not just the general action of sewing, but specifically attaching a button to a coat, so пришейте is the natural choice.

The ending -те marks the imperative plural or polite imperative.

So:

• пришей = sew on! (to one person, informal)
• пришейте = sew on! (to several people, or to one person politely)

In instructions, requests, and formal speech, Russian very often uses the -те form.

Пришить is perfective. Its imperative пришейте tells someone to complete the action: sew the button on so that it is attached.

This is why it fits well here: the speaker wants a result, not just the process.

Compare:

• пришейте пуговицу = sew the button on
• шейте = sew / be sewing (focus on process, less natural here if you mean a single completed task)

For a one-time instruction with a clear result, Russian usually prefers the perfective imperative.

Because it is the direct object of the verb, so it goes into the accusative case.

The dictionary form is:

• пуговица = button

In the accusative singular, it becomes:

• пуговицу

This follows a common pattern for feminine nouns ending in -а / -я:

• книга → книгу
• машина → машину
• пуговица → пуговицу

So пуговицу is the form meaning a button as the thing being sewn on.

The preposition к normally means to, toward. With verbs like пришить, it is used to show what something is being attached to.

So:

• пришить пуговицу к пальто = sew a button to the coat

This is a standard Russian pattern:

• пришить что? — the thing being attached
• к чему? — the thing it is attached to

So:

• пуговицу = what is being sewn on
• к пальто = to what it is being sewn

Yes, к does require the dative case. But пальто is one of those Russian nouns that are indeclinable, meaning its form does not change across cases.

So although grammatically it is dative here, it still looks the same:

• nominative: пальто
• accusative: пальто
• dative: пальто
• etc.

That is why you see к пальто, not something like к пальту.

Пальто is neuter.

Many indeclinable nouns ending in -о are treated as neuter in Russian. So you would say things like:

• новое пальто = a new coat
• это пальто = this coat

Even though the form does not change by case, its gender still matters for agreement with adjectives, pronouns, and past-tense verbs.

In this sentence, к is the normal choice.

Russian commonly says:

• пришить пуговицу к пальто
• literally: sew a button to a coat

English often uses onto or on, but Russian uses к with this verb to express attachment.

Using на here would not be the standard phrasing for this meaning.

Yes, Russian word order is fairly flexible, and this sentence uses a very neutral, standard order:

• Пришейте пуговицу к пальто.

That is:

1. verb
2. direct object
3. prepositional phrase

You could change the order for emphasis, for example:

• К пальто пришейте пуговицу.
  Emphasis on to the coat
• Пуговицу пришейте к пальто.
  Emphasis on the button

But the original order sounds the most natural as a simple instruction.

The stresses are:

• прише́йте
• пу́говицу
• к пальто́

A rough pronunciation guide:

• прише́йте = pri-SHAY-tye
• пу́говицу = POO-ga-vi-tsu
• к пальто́ = k pal-TO

A natural rhythm would be:

прише́йте пу́говицу к пальто́

Yes, it is singular because the sentence is talking about one button.

If you wanted plural, you would say:

• Пришейте пуговицы к пальто. = Sew the buttons onto the coat.

Russian, like English, uses singular or plural depending on the actual number involved. Nothing special is being “assumed” beyond that.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Russian пришить пуговицу simply means to sew a button onto something. That could be:

• attaching a new button
• sewing back on a button that fell off
• replacing an old button

The sentence itself does not specify which one. Context would tell you.