Дочка сказала, что шоколадная посыпка на пирожном вкуснее самой глазури.

Дочка is a more affectionate, everyday form of дочь (daughter).

• дочь = the basic dictionary form
• дочка = daughter / little daughter / my daughter in a warmer, more natural way

In many contexts, Russian prefers these diminutive-style family words in normal speech:

• мама instead of a more formal term
• папа
• дочка
• сыночек, etc.

So Дочка сказала sounds natural and personal, like My daughter said...

Because the subject is feminine.

In the past tense, Russian verbs agree with gender and number:

• сказал = he said
• сказала = she said
• сказало = it said
• сказали = they said

Since дочка is feminine, the verb must be сказала.

Russian often leaves out possessives like my, your, his, etc. when the meaning is obvious from context.

So:

• Дочка сказала very often means My daughter said
• Russians do not need to say моя дочка unless they want emphasis or contrast

Compare:

• Моя дочка сказала... = My daughter said... with extra emphasis
• Дочка сказала... = a more neutral, natural way in many situations

Because что introduces a subordinate clause.

The sentence has two parts:

1. Дочка сказала
2. что шоколадная посыпка на пирожном вкуснее самой глазури

Russian normally puts a comma before что in this structure, just like English often separates She said that...

So:

• Дочка сказала, что... = My daughter said that...

Here что means that.

It connects the reporting part to what was said:

• Дочка сказала = My daughter said
• что... = that...

Be careful: что can mean different things in different contexts:

• what
• that
• part of other expressions

But in this sentence, it is simply the conjunction that.

Because шоколадная is an adjective modifying посыпка, and it has to agree with it.

Посыпка is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative here

So the adjective must also be:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

That gives:

• шоколадная посыпка = chocolate sprinkles / chocolate topping

Agreement is one of the most important features of Russian grammar.

Посыпка comes from the idea of something sprinkled on top.

In dessert contexts, it can mean things like:

• sprinkles
• topping
• a sprinkled coating

In this sentence, шоколадная посыпка is probably something like chocolate sprinkles or chocolate topping on the pastry.

It is not the same as глазурь:

• посыпка = something scattered/sprinkled on top
• глазурь = glaze/icing/coating

Because after на meaning on, Russian often uses the prepositional case when talking about location.

• пирожное = pastry / cake (neuter)
• Prepositional singular: на пирожном = on the pastry

So:

• на пирожном = location
• not movement onto it

Compare:

• на пирожном = on the pastry
• на пирожное could suggest movement onto the pastry in another kind of sentence

Here we are describing where the topping is located, so на пирожном is correct.

Вкуснее is the comparative form of вкусный (tasty).

• вкусный = tasty
• вкуснее = tastier

Russian often forms comparatives with -ее / -ей or similar endings.

So:

• посыпка вкуснее глазури = the topping is tastier than the glaze

Notice that вкуснее does not change for gender or number here. Comparative forms like this are indeclinable in normal use.

Russian has two common ways to say more ... than ...:

1. comparative + genitive
   • вкуснее глазури
2. comparative + чем
   • вкуснее, чем глазурь

So this sentence uses the first pattern.

вкуснее самой глазури means roughly:

• tastier than the glaze itself

This is completely normal Russian.

Because after a comparative like вкуснее, Russian often puts the thing being compared in the genitive case.

Base form:

• глазурь = glaze / icing

Genitive singular:

• глазури

The word самой comes from сам / сама / само and here means itself / itself in person / the very...

It also has to match the noun:

• глазурь is feminine singular
• and because the phrase is in the genitive, we get самой глазури

So:

• самой глазури = of the glaze itself / than the glaze itself

Without самой, the sentence would still work:

• ...вкуснее глазури = ...tastier than the glaze

Adding самой gives emphasis:

• ...вкуснее самой глазури = ...tastier than the glaze itself

It highlights the comparison more strongly, almost like saying:

• even tastier than the glaze itself
• tastier than the actual glaze

So самой is not just grammatical; it adds nuance.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, although different orders change emphasis.

The given sentence is neutral and natural:

• Дочка сказала, что шоколадная посыпка на пирожном вкуснее самой глазури.

You could also hear things like:

• Дочка сказала, что на пирожном шоколадная посыпка вкуснее самой глазури.
• Шоколадная посыпка на пирожном, сказала дочка, вкуснее самой глазури.

These versions shift focus or sound more literary/stylistic. For a learner, the original word order is a very good standard model.

It is singular.

• Dictionary form: пирожное
• Gender: neuter
• Meaning: pastry / little cake / dessert item

In this sentence:

• пирожном is the prepositional singular form

Some key forms are:

• nominative singular: пирожное
• prepositional singular: о пирожном / на пирожном
• plural: пирожные

So на пирожном means on the pastry, not on the pastries.

Yes, depending on context.

Глазурь can often be translated as:

• glaze
• icing
• sometimes frosting/coating, depending on the dessert

So the sentence could be understood as:

• My daughter said that the chocolate sprinkles on the pastry are tastier than the icing itself.

The best English word depends on what kind of dessert is being described. Russian глазурь is a bit broader than one single English dessert term.