На уроке моя дочь прочитала стихотворение наизусть.

Because Russian uses на with some events and activities where English would often use in or during.

So на уроке means in class / during the lesson.

Here:

• на = at / during
• уроке = prepositional case of урок

This is just the normal Russian expression:

• на уроке = in class
• на концерте = at the concert
• на работе = at work

Using в уроке would sound wrong here.

Because after на in the meaning of where? or during what?, Russian often uses the prepositional case.

So:

• dictionary form: урок
• prepositional: на уроке

Compare:

• в школе = at school
• на уроке = in class
• в городе = in the city

So the -е ending shows that урок is in the prepositional case.

Because дочь is a feminine noun, so the possessive pronoun must also be feminine:

• мой = my, masculine
• моя = my, feminine
• моё = my, neuter
• мои = my, plural

So:

• мой сын = my son
• моя дочь = my daughter

A common learner difficulty is that дочь ends in a soft sign ь, and soft-sign nouns can be either masculine or feminine. You simply have to learn the gender of each one. Дочь is feminine.

In the past tense, Russian verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

The subject here is моя дочь, which is feminine singular, so the verb must be feminine singular too:

• прочитал = he read
• прочитала = she read
• прочитало = it read
• прочитали = they read

So прочитала tells you that the subject is feminine.

This is a question of aspect, which is very important in Russian.

• читать / читала = imperfective
• прочитать / прочитала = perfective

Here, прочитала shows a completed action: she finished reciting/reading the poem.

So the sentence presents the event as one completed whole:

• she recited the poem
• the action was done to completion

If you said читала, it would usually focus more on the process, repetition, or ongoing nature of the action, depending on context.

Very roughly:

• читала стихотворение = was reading / used to read / read (without emphasizing completion)
• прочитала стихотворение = read through / finished reciting the poem

It is in the accusative case, but for many neuter inanimate nouns, the accusative looks exactly like the nominative.

So:

• nominative: стихотворение
• accusative: стихотворение

Since стихотворение is the direct object of прочитала, it is in the accusative case, but there is no visible change in form.

Compare with a feminine noun where you can see the change:

• книга → книгу

But with стихотворение, nominative and accusative are identical.

Наизусть means by heart, from memory.

It is an adverb, so it describes how she recited the poem.

In this sentence:

• прочитала стихотворение наизусть = recited the poem from memory

It is a fixed word that learners usually just memorize as a whole.

Common examples:

• выучить наизусть = to learn by heart
• рассказать наизусть = to recite from memory
• прочитать наизусть = to recite from memory

Yes, it is natural.

In English, read and recite are more clearly separated, but in Russian прочитать can be used in contexts where English would say recite, especially with наизусть.

So:

• прочитать стихотворение = read a poem
• прочитать стихотворение наизусть = recite a poem from memory

Russian also has other verbs depending on nuance, for example:

• рассказать стихотворение can also be used in some contexts
• декламировать = to declaim, recite formally

But the sentence you have is completely normal.

Yes. Russian word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• На уроке моя дочь прочитала стихотворение наизусть.

But you could also say:

• Моя дочь на уроке прочитала стихотворение наизусть.
• Стихотворение моя дочь прочитала на уроке наизусть.

These versions shift emphasis slightly.

For example:

• starting with На уроке sets the scene first
• starting with моя дочь focuses first on who did it
• starting with стихотворение emphasizes the poem itself

So the meaning stays close, but the information focus changes.

Because Russian has no articles.

English says:

• the lesson
• a poem
• my daughter

Russian simply says:

• урок
• стихотворение
• моя дочь

Whether something is a or the is understood from context.

So стихотворение could correspond to:

• a poem
• the poem

depending on the situation.

Yes. Adverbs in Russian often have flexible placement.

You can say:

• Моя дочь прочитала стихотворение наизусть.
• Моя дочь наизусть прочитала стихотворение.

Both are possible, though the first one sounds very natural and straightforward.

Placing наизусть earlier can emphasize the fact that she knew it by heart.

The standard stresses are:

• на урОке
• моя
• дочь
• прочитАла
• стихотворЕние
• наизУсть

Stress matters a lot in Russian, so it is useful to learn words together with stress.

It is not wildly irregular, but it does have some forms that learners should pay attention to.

Basic forms:

• nominative: дочь
• genitive: дочери
• dative: дочери
• accusative: дочь
• instrumental: дочерью
• prepositional: дочери

The important thing for this sentence is simply that дочь is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative, because it is the subject

Both relate to poetry, but they are not exactly the same in tone.

• стихотворение = poem
• стих = poem, verse; often more informal or shorter in style

In careful or neutral language, стихотворение is often the safer choice for poem.

For example:

• Она выучила стихотворение наизусть. = She learned a poem by heart.
• Он написал стих. = He wrote a poem/verse.

So in your sentence, стихотворение sounds perfectly natural and standard.