Магазин находится за углом.

Находится means is located / is situated.

So Магазин находится за углом is literally something like The store is located around the corner.

In everyday English, we would usually just say The store is around the corner. Russian often uses находиться when talking about location in a slightly more explicit or formal way.

Because this sentence describes location, not movement.

With the preposition за:

• за + instrumental = location, meaning behind / around / beyond
• за + accusative = movement to a position, meaning to behind / to around

So:

• Магазин находится за углом = The store is located around the corner
  (location → instrumental)

But:

• Он пошёл за угол = He went around the corner
  (movement → accusative)

That is why угол becomes углом here.

Because after за in a location meaning, Russian uses the instrumental case.

The noun угол means corner. Its singular forms include:

• nominative: угол
• accusative: угол
• instrumental: углом

So in за углом, углом is simply the instrumental singular form of угол.

Literally, за углом is close to behind the corner. But in normal usage, it usually means around the corner.

So in this sentence, the natural English translation is:

• The store is around the corner.

Russian often uses expressions that are a bit more spatially literal than the most natural English equivalent.

Yes. Магазин за углом is very natural and common.

Compare:

• Магазин находится за углом = a little more explicit, neutral, slightly more formal
• Магазин за углом = very common, concise, conversational

Both mean the same thing in most situations.

Because Russian has no articles.

English distinguishes between:

• a store
• the store

Russian usually does not mark that difference with a separate word. Context tells you whether магазин means:

• a store
• the store
• sometimes even the shop

So Магазин находится за углом could mean The store is around the corner or A store is around the corner, depending on context.

The stress is:

• магазИ́н
• нахО́дится
• за углО́м

So you can pronounce the full sentence as:

магазИ́н нахО́дится за углО́м

Stress matters a lot in Russian, so this is worth learning early.

Yes. It is historically related.

• находить / найти usually mean to find
• находиться means to be located / to be found / to be situated

So находится can be understood as something like finds itself / is found, but in modern Russian you should learn it as a standard verb meaning is located.

For this sentence, the important thing is simply:

• магазин находится... = the store is located...

Yes. Russian word order is flexible.

All of these are possible:

• Магазин находится за углом.
• За углом находится магазин.
• Магазин за углом.

The most neutral version is usually Магазин находится за углом.

If you say За углом находится магазин, the location за углом gets a bit more emphasis, as if answering Where is the store?

It is mostly neutral.

• Магазин находится за углом sounds normal and correct.
• Магазин за углом sounds a bit more conversational and compact.
• A more formal or written alternative could be Магазин расположен за углом.

So if you are learning standard Russian, Магазин находится за углом is a perfectly good model sentence.

Yes, Russian can also use за углом figuratively, but in this sentence it is understood literally.

Literal:

• Магазин находится за углом = the store is physically around the corner

Figurative uses are possible in other contexts, for example when talking about something that is coming soon, but that meaning depends on context rather than on this sentence alone.

Because магазин is the subject of the sentence.

In Магазин находится за углом:

• магазин = the thing being talked about, so it is in the nominative
• находится = the verb
• за углом = a prepositional phrase showing location

So the structure is basically:

[subject] + [is located] + [place]

which is why магазин stays in its dictionary form.