На пляже мяч перелетел через сетку и упал на песок.

Because Russian uses the same preposition на with different cases to show different ideas:

• на пляже = location, so it uses the prepositional case
  • пляж → на пляже
  • meaning: on/at the beach
• на песок = movement toward a surface, so it uses the accusative case
  • песок → на песок
  • meaning: onto the sand

This is a very common Russian pattern:

• Где? where? → на + prepositional
• Куда? where to? → на + accusative

So:

• На пляже = at the beach
• Упал на песок = fell onto the sand

The preposition через normally takes the accusative case and means through, across, or over depending on context.

Here:

• dictionary form: сетка
• accusative singular: сетку

So:

• через сетку = over/across the net

Because сетка is a feminine noun ending in -а, its accusative singular usually changes -а to -у:

• книга → книгу
• машина → машину
• сетка → сетку

Yes. Перелетел comes from the verb перелететь, which is built from:

• лететь = to fly
• prefix пере- = across, over, from one side to the other

So перелететь means to fly over, to go flying across, or to fly to the other side of something.

In this sentence:

• мяч перелетел через сетку = the ball flew over the net

This is a very common way Russian builds meaning: a prefix changes the basic verb.

Compare:

• лететь = to fly
• улететь = to fly away
• прилететь = to arrive by flying
• перелететь = to fly across / over

In Russian, past-tense verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

The subject here is мяч (ball), which is:

• singular
• masculine

So the past-tense verbs are masculine singular:

• перелетел
• упал

Compare:

• мяч перелетел = the ball flew over
• птица перелетела = the bird flew over
• яблоко упало = the apple fell
• мячи упали = the balls fell

This is different from English, where past tense usually does not show gender.

Because и is simply joining two verbs with the same subject:

• мяч перелетел через сетку
• и упал на песок

The subject мяч applies to both verbs, so these are two coordinated actions of one subject. In a simple sentence like this, Russian normally does not put a comma before и.

A comma would be more likely if:

• there were separate clauses with more structure,
• a contrast,
• or extra inserted material.

But here it is just:

• The ball flew over the net and fell onto the sand.

So no comma.

Russian has no articles like English a/an and the.

So:

• мяч can mean a ball or the ball
• сетка can mean a net or the net
• песок can mean sand or the sand

The exact meaning is understood from context.

In this sentence, English would naturally say:

• On the beach, the ball flew over the net and fell onto the sand.

But Russian simply says:

• На пляже мяч перелетел через сетку и упал на песок.

Russian relies on context, word order, and shared knowledge instead of articles.

Yes, Russian word order is flexible.

Starting with На пляже sets the scene first:

• On the beach, ...

That is natural because it gives the location before the action.

Other orders are possible, for example:

• Мяч на пляже перелетел через сетку и упал на песок.
• Мяч перелетел через сетку и упал на песок на пляже.

But they may sound less neutral or place emphasis differently.

The original order is very natural because it goes:

1. location
2. subject
3. actions

So it feels like a straightforward narrative sentence.

Because на песок suggests movement onto the surface of the sand.

• упал на песок = fell onto the sand, landed on it

If you say в песок, that suggests going into the sand more than just onto it:

• упал в песок = fell into the sand

For a beach scene, if a ball simply comes down and lands, на песок is the most natural choice.

So the contrast is:

• на = onto a surface
• в = into an enclosed space or inside something

Because пляже is the prepositional singular form of пляж after на when talking about location.

Base form:

• пляж = beach

After на for location:

• на пляже = on/at the beach

This is a normal pattern for many masculine nouns:

• в парке = in the park
• на столе = on the table
• в доме = in the house
• на пляже = on the beach

So the ending -е shows the prepositional case.

Both are perfective here:

• перелетел from перелететь
• упал from упасть

Perfective verbs present actions as completed events. That fits this sentence well, because it describes a sequence of finished actions:

1. the ball flew over the net
2. it fell onto the sand

If you used imperfective verbs, the meaning would shift toward process, repetition, or background description.

So the perfective past is the natural choice for a short narrative about completed events.

A useful way is:

• На пляже = on/at the beach
• мяч = ball
• перелетел через сетку = flew over the net
• и = and
• упал на песок = fell onto the sand

That helps show the structure:

• setting: На пляже
• subject: мяч
• first action: перелетел через сетку
• second action: и упал на песок

This kind of chunking makes the sentence much easier to read and understand.