В саду растёт красная роза.

Because в can mean either into or in, depending on the case.

• в + accusative = motion into somewhere
  
  • в сад = into the garden
• в + prepositional/locative = location in somewhere
  
  • в саду = in the garden

In this sentence, the rose is located in the garden, not moving into it, so Russian uses the location form.

Also, сад is one of the nouns that often uses a special location form in -у after в and на:

• в саду = in the garden
• на мосту = on the bridge
• в лесу = in the forest

So в саду is the normal form here.

Красная роза is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing doing the action of растёт.

Breakdown:

• роза = noun, feminine singular nominative
• красная = adjective, feminine singular nominative

They match because adjectives in Russian must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

Because it agrees with роза, which is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

The adjective красный means red, and its forms change depending on the noun:

• красный = masculine
• красная = feminine
• красное = neuter
• красные = plural

Since роза is feminine, you need красная.

Растёт is the 3rd person singular present tense of расти = to grow.

So it literally means:

• grows
• or is growing

In Russian, the present tense often covers both meanings that English separates:

• The rose grows in the garden
• The rose is growing in the garden

Both can be translated by роза растёт depending on context.

Because the subject is singular: роза = rose.

Russian verbs agree with the subject in number (and in the past tense also gender). Here:

• роза = singular
• so растёт = singular

If the subject were plural, the verb would change:

• В саду растут красные розы.
• Red roses are growing in the garden.

Russian does not have articles like English a/an/the.

So красная роза can mean:

• a red rose
• the red rose

The exact meaning depends on context.

For example:

• if you are introducing it for the first time, English would often say a red rose
• if both speaker and listener already know which rose, English might say the red rose

Russian leaves that unstated unless context makes it clear.

Russian word order is more flexible than English word order. The sentence starts with В саду to set the scene first: In the garden...

This is very natural in Russian.

Possible word orders include:

• В саду растёт красная роза.
  Focus first on the location.
• Красная роза растёт в саду.
  More neutral from an English speaker’s point of view.
• Растёт красная роза в саду.
  More marked or literary.

The basic meaning stays similar, but the emphasis changes.

Because that is the normal, neutral position for most descriptive adjectives in Russian: adjective + noun.

So:

• красная роза = red rose

Putting the adjective after the noun is much less neutral and often sounds:

• poetic
• contrastive
• or more like a predicate

For example:

• Роза красная is closer to The rose is red, not simply a red rose.

So in this sentence, красная роза is the ordinary way to say red rose.

Because сад normally takes в when you mean in the garden.

Russian uses different prepositions depending on how a place is viewed:

• в often suggests being inside an area or space
• на is used for surfaces or certain idiomatic locations

For a garden, the standard expression is:

• в саду = in the garden

So на саду would be incorrect here.

Растёт is pronounced approximately ras-TYOT.

The letter ё:

• is always stressed
• is pronounced like yo

So:

• растет without the dots is often written in everyday texts, but it still means растёт
• learners should remember that the real pronunciation is with ё

So the word is:

• written carefully as растёт
• pronounced ras-TYOT

Yes. Because Russian has no articles, both are possible.

The sentence by itself does not force one interpretation. Context decides:

• В саду растёт красная роза.
  could be A red rose is growing in the garden.
• It could also be The red rose is growing in the garden.

If the rose has already been mentioned, English would often use the.
If it is new information, English would often use a.

It can be either, depending on context.

Russian present tense often covers both:

• a general statement: A red rose grows in the garden
• an action happening now: A red rose is growing in the garden

If you want to know which meaning is intended, you usually look at the broader context, not just the verb form.

Usually, yes. In Russian, nouns ending in -а or -я are very often feminine.

So:

• роза is feminine
• that is why the adjective is красная
• and if you referred back to it with a pronoun, you would use она

This is one of the most useful patterns for beginners, although there are some exceptions elsewhere in the language.