По воскресеньям бабушка печёт вафли и подаёт к ним сладкий сироп.

In Russian, по + dative is often used to mean on in the sense of a repeated time pattern:

• по понедельникам = on Mondays
• по вечерам = in the evenings
• по воскресеньям = on Sundays

So по воскресеньям does not mean one specific Sunday. It means every Sunday / on Sundays in general.

The noun here is:

• воскресенье = Sunday
• воскресеньям = dative plural

This is a very common pattern for habitual actions.

Because the sentence describes something that happens regularly, not just once.

• в воскресенье = on Sunday / this Sunday / on a particular Sunday
• по воскресеньям = on Sundays / every Sunday

English often uses the plural for repeated days too, so this matches the meaning pretty well.

The verb is печь = to bake. Its present-tense forms are somewhat irregular:

• я пеку = I bake
• ты печёшь = you bake
• он/она печёт = he/she bakes
• мы печём
• вы печёте
• они пекут

So бабушка печёт means grandma bakes.

A few notes:

1. ё shows the stressed sound yo.
   So печёт is pronounced roughly pee-CHYOT, not like pechet.

2. In normal Russian writing, ё is often written as е, so you may see печет, but it is still pronounced печёт.

In Russian, the present tense of an imperfective verb is commonly used for habitual, repeated actions.

So:

• бабушка печёт вафли literally = grandma bakes waffles
• in context = grandma usually / regularly / every Sunday bakes waffles

This is very natural Russian. You do not need a special tense like used to or does.

Yes. Вафли is the plural form of вафля.

Here it means waffles in a general sense, as food being made and served. Russian often uses the plural for things like this, just as English does:

• печёт вафли = bakes waffles
• готовит блины = makes pancakes
• варит яйца = boils eggs

So the plural sounds completely natural.

It means serves sweet syrup with them.

Breakdown:

• подаёт = serves
• к ним = with them / to go with them
• сладкий сироп = sweet syrup

The phrase подавать что-то к чему-то means to serve something with something else, especially food.

So:

• подаёт к ним сладкий сироп = she serves sweet syrup with the waffles

This is not a word-for-word match with English, but it is a normal Russian way to express accompaniment in food contexts.

Because Russian uses different prepositions for different relationships.

• с ними literally means with them, but often in the sense of together with them
• к ним after подавать is part of the pattern подавать что-то к чему-то = to serve something with something

So in a food context:

• подавать сироп к вафлям = to serve syrup with waffles

When the noun is replaced by a pronoun, you get:

• к ним = with them / to go with them

So к ним is used because of the verb phrase, not because English uses with.

Because the pronoun has to match the preposition к, which requires the dative case here.

The pronoun они changes by case:

• они = they
• их = them (genitive/accusative in some uses)
• им = to them
• after certain prepositions, you often get ним

After a preposition, Russian commonly adds н- to third-person pronouns:

• к нему = to him
• к ней = to her
• к ним = to them

So к ним is the correct form after к.

Because сироп is the direct object of подаёт, and it is inanimate masculine singular.

For inanimate masculine nouns, the accusative singular is the same as the nominative singular:

• сладкий сироп = nominative
• сладкий сироп = accusative

So:

• подаёт сладкий сироп = serves sweet syrup

If it were animate, the accusative would look different.

Yes, absolutely.

Both are natural:

• Бабушка печёт вафли и подаёт к ним сладкий сироп.
• Бабушка печёт вафли и подаёт к вафлям сладкий сироп.

Using к ним avoids repeating вафли, so it sounds smoother.

Russian has no articles like a or the.

So:

• бабушка can mean grandma, the grandma, a grandmother
• вафли can mean waffles, the waffles, depending on context
• сладкий сироп can mean sweet syrup or the sweet syrup

Context tells you how definite or indefinite the noun is.

In this sentence, the natural English translation usually uses:

• Grandma bakes waffles and serves sweet syrup with them on Sundays or
• On Sundays Grandma bakes waffles and serves them with sweet syrup

The word order is natural, but Russian word order is more flexible than English.

This sentence:

• По воскресеньям бабушка печёт вафли и подаёт к ним сладкий сироп.

is neutral and clear:

1. time
2. subject
3. action
4. object
5. second action

You could rearrange parts for emphasis, for example:

• Бабушка по воскресеньям печёт вафли...
• Сладкий сироп бабушка подаёт к ним по воскресеньям.

But the original word order is the most straightforward for a learner.

A helpful pronunciation guide is:

По воскресе́ньям ба́бушка печёт ва́фли и подаёт к ним сла́дкий сиро́п.

Roughly:

pa vas-kree-SYEN-yam BA-boosh-ka pee-CHYOT VAF-lee ee pa-da-YOT k neem SLAT-kee see-ROP

A few stress points to notice:

• воскресе́ньям
• ба́бушка
• печёт
• ва́фли
• подаёт
• сла́дкий
• сиро́п

The stressed ё in печёт and подаёт is especially important.