Фигурка из глины стоит на столе.

Фигурка means figurine or small figure.

It comes from фигура (figure), but the suffix -к- makes it sound smaller and more object-like. So:

• фигура = figure, shape, body shape, figure in a general sense
• фигурка = a small figure, figurine, little statue

In this sentence, фигурка is the natural word because we are talking about a small object on a table.

Фигурка is in the nominative singular.

Why?

• It is the subject of the sentence.
• The verb стоит agrees with it: the figurine stands/is standing.

Also, фигурка is a feminine noun. Its dictionary form is already фигурка, so the nominative singular looks unchanged here.

Because the preposition из normally requires the genitive case.

So:

• глина = clay
• глины = of clay / from clay / clay in the genitive singular

That is why из глины means made of clay or literally from clay.

This is a very common pattern in Russian:

• из дерева = made of wood
• из металла = made of metal
• из стекла = made of glass

Yes. Глиняная фигурка also means a clay figurine.

There is a small difference in how it is expressed:

• фигурка из глины = a figurine made of clay
• глиняная figurка = a clay figurine

Both are correct and natural.
Often:

• из глины feels a bit more literal: it emphasizes the material
• глиняная is a straightforward adjectival description

In many contexts, they are practically interchangeable.

In Russian, objects are often described with position verbs such as:

• стоять = stand
• лежать = lie
• висеть = hang

So Russian often says an object stands somewhere if it is upright or resting on its base.

A figurine on a table is naturally described with стоит.

English often just says is on the table, but Russian prefers a more specific positional verb when it sounds natural.

So Фигурка из глины стоит на столе is very normal Russian.

Yes, you can, and it would still be understandable.

Russian often omits is/are in the present tense, because there is no present-tense form of to be used the way English uses is.

So:

• Фигурка из глины на столе = The clay figurine is on the table
• Фигурка из глины стоит на столе = The clay figurine is standing/on the table

The version with стоит is a bit more vivid and specific, because it tells you the object’s position.

Because на can take different cases depending on meaning:

• на + accusative = motion onto something
• на + prepositional = location on something

Here there is no movement. The figurine is already located on the table, so Russian uses the prepositional case:

• стол = table
• на столе = on the table

Compare:

• Фигурка стоит на столе. = The figurine is on the table.
• Я ставлю figurку на стол. = I put the figurine onto the table.

The given order is natural and neutral:

• Фигурка из глины стоит на столе.

It presents the subject first, then the location.

But Russian word order is flexible, and changing it changes emphasis more than basic meaning. For example:

• На столе стоит фигурка из глины.
  This puts more focus on where it is: On the table, there is a clay figurine.

• Из глины фигурка стоит на столе is much less natural in ordinary speech unless there is some special contrast.

So yes, the word order can change, but the original version is a good standard pattern for learners.

The standard stress is:

• фигу́рка
• из гли́ны
• стои́т
• на столе́

So the full sentence is pronounced approximately:

фигу́рка из гли́ны стои́т на столе́

Stress matters in Russian, so it is worth learning words together with their stress.

Russian has no articles like English a/an and the.

So Фигурка из глины стоит на столе could mean either:

• A clay figurine is on the table
• The clay figurine is on the table

Context tells you which one is meant.

Russian usually expresses definiteness through:

• context
• word order
• intonation
• sometimes additional words if needed

So the absence of an article is completely normal.

Yes. Стоит is the 3rd person singular present tense of стоять.

So:

• я стою = I stand
• ты стоишь = you stand
• он / она / оно стоит = he / she / it stands
• они стоят = they stand

In this sentence, the subject is singular:

• фигурка = it

So the verb is стоит.