Questions & Answers about Я не пошёл в парк из-за сильного ветра.
Because пойти / пошёл usually means to set off, to go (on a particular occasion), while идти / шёл focuses more on the process of going, being on the way.
In this sentence, the idea is:
- I didn’t go to the park = I didn’t set off / I never went
So не пошёл is the natural choice.
Compare:
- Я не пошёл в парк. = I didn’t go to the park / I never set off
- Я не шёл в парк. = I wasn’t walking to the park / I was not in the process of going to the park
So не пошёл is about the whole event not happening.