Сильный ветер мешает мне идти дальше.

Because сильный is an adjective describing ветер.

In Russian, adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, ветер is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative case

So the adjective also takes the masculine singular nominative form:

• сильный ветер = strong wind

If the noun changed, the adjective would change too:

• сильная буря = strong storm
• сильное движение = strong movement
• сильные ветры = strong winds

Because ветер is the subject of the sentence — it is the thing doing the action.

The verb is мешает (hinders / interferes / prevents), and the wind is what is causing the problem:

• Сильный ветер мешает...

So ветер stays in the nominative case, which is the normal case for the subject of a sentence.

Мешает is the 3rd person singular present tense form of мешать.

The subject is сильный ветер, which is:

• he/it
• singular

So the verb must match that:

• я мешаю
• ты мешаешь
• он / она / оно мешает
• мы мешаем
• вы мешаете
• они мешают

Since ветер is singular, Russian uses мешает.

Because the verb мешать normally takes the person affected in the dative case.

So:

• мне = to me
• тебе = to you
• ему / ей = to him / her
• нам = to us

With мешать, Russian often structures the idea more like:

• X interferes with me doing something
• literally, X hinders to me ...

So:

• ветер мешает мне = the wind is hindering me

This is why мне is correct, not я or меня.

Because after мешать, Russian often uses:

• мешать + dative person + infinitive

This shows what action is being made difficult.

So here:

• ветер мешает мне идти
  = the wind hinders me from going

The infinitive идти expresses the action itself, just like English to go.

Other examples:

• Шум мешает мне работать. = The noise prevents me from working.
• Дети мешают ему спать. = The children keep him from sleeping.

Because идти usually means to go on foot in one direction, especially in a specific situation or at the moment.

That fits this sentence well: the speaker is trying to continue moving forward, and the wind is making that difficult.

Compare:

• идти = to be going, to go in one direction
• ходить = to go habitually, repeatedly, or in general

So:

• мешает мне идти дальше = prevents me from continuing forward
• мешает мне ходить would sound more like prevents me from walking in general

Дальше means farther, further, or onward, depending on context.

In this sentence, it means the speaker cannot continue moving forward:

• идти дальше = to go farther / to keep going / to go on

It comes from the idea of far:

• далеко = far
• дальше = farther / further

So дальше is an adverb modifying идти.

Yes. Russian word order is much more flexible than English word order.

The neutral order here is:

• Сильный ветер мешает мне идти дальше.

But other orders are possible, depending on emphasis:

• Мне мешает сильный ветер идти дальше.
• Идти дальше мне мешает сильный ветер.

These all mean basically the same thing, but the focus changes:

• starting with мне emphasizes me
• starting with идти дальше emphasizes the action being blocked
• starting with сильный ветер is a straightforward neutral statement

It is often a bit broader than English prevent.

Мешать can mean:

• to hinder
• to interfere with
• to get in the way of
• sometimes to prevent

So this sentence could suggest either:

• the wind completely stops the speaker from going farther, or
• the wind makes it very difficult to continue

The exact strength depends on context.

Yes. The verb мешать is imperfective.

That means it presents the hindering as:

• ongoing
• repeated
• in progress
• general

So мешает suggests the wind is interfering / is making it difficult right now.

The perfective partner is often помешать:

• Сильный ветер помешал мне идти дальше.
  = The strong wind prevented me from going further / got in the way of my going further.

Very roughly:

• мешает = is hindering
• помешал = hindered / prevented

Both can mean further, but дальше is much more natural in everyday speech here.

• идти дальше sounds normal and conversational
• идти далее sounds more formal, literary, or bureaucratic

A learner should strongly prefer дальше in this sentence.

The main stress pattern is:

• си́льный
• ве́тер
• меша́ет
• мне
• идти́
• да́льше

So the full sentence is pronounced roughly:

• СИльный ВЕтер мешАЕт мне идТИ ДАльше

A useful note: in normal speech, мне is usually less strongly stressed than the content words around it.

Yes. This is a very common Russian pattern:

• something/someone + мешает + dative person + infinitive

Examples:

• Дождь мешает нам гулять.
  The rain is preventing us from taking a walk.

• Музыка мешает ей читать.
  The music is interfering with her reading.

• Боль мешает ему спать.
  The pain keeps him from sleeping.

So this sentence is a very useful model for building your own Russian sentences.