Медсестра промыла рану, наложила бинт и посоветовала менять пластырь каждый день.

Because the subject is медсестра, which is feminine singular. In the Russian past tense, verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

• masculine: usually no -а ending
• feminine: -а
• neuter: -о
• plural: -и

So with a female nurse, you get:

• промыла
• наложила
• посоветовала

If the subject were врач and meant a male doctor, you would get промыл, наложил, посоветовал.

Because рану is the accusative singular form of рана. It is the direct object of промыла.

For many feminine nouns ending in -а, the accusative singular changes to -у:

• рана → рану
• книга → книгу
• машина → машину

So промыла рану means cleaned/rinsed the wound.

Because пластырь is a masculine inanimate noun, and in the singular its accusative usually looks the same as the nominative.

So:

• nominative: пластырь
• accusative: пластырь

Compare that with a masculine animate noun, where the accusative often matches the genitive instead.

So in менять пластырь, пластырь is still the object, but its form does not change.

Промыла is perfective, while мыла is imperfective.

Here, perfective makes sense because the sentence describes a sequence of completed actions:

1. she cleaned the wound
2. she applied a bandage
3. she gave advice

Промыть often suggests rinse out / clean thoroughly / wash and finish the action.

If you said мыла рану, it would focus more on the process, or on an ongoing/repeated action, rather than a completed medical step.

The first three verbs describe single completed actions in a chain:

• промыла
• наложила
• посоветовала

So perfective is natural.

But менять is imperfective because the advice is about a repeated action: every day. Imperfective is commonly used for habitual or repeated activity.

So:

• посоветовала менять пластырь каждый день = advised changing the plaster every day

If you used a perfective infinitive such as поменять, it would sound more like changing it once.

After посоветовать, Russian very often uses an infinitive to express advice about what someone should do.

So:

• посоветовала менять пластырь = advised to change the plaster / advised changing the plaster

This is a very common structure.

You can also add the person receiving the advice if needed:

• посоветовала ему менять пластырь
• посоветовала мне менять пластырь

But Russian often leaves that out when it is obvious from context.

Russian often omits information that the listener can infer from context. Here, посоветовала менять пластырь каждый день means something like:

• advised the patient
• advised him/her
• advised someone concerned

The indirect object is simply not spelled out.

English can also do something similar in some contexts, but Russian does this quite naturally and often.

Yes. Наложить бинт is a standard medical collocation.

In English, you might say:

• apply a bandage
• put a bandage on

In Russian, medical and formal contexts often use наложить with things like:

• наложить бинт
• наложить повязку
• наложить швы

So this is a normal and useful phrase to learn as a set expression.

They are not the same thing.

• бинт = a bandage, usually a strip or roll of cloth/gauze
• пластырь = adhesive plaster / medical tape / a Band-Aid-type item depending on context

So the sentence describes two different medical actions:

• first, the nurse applied a bandage
• then she advised changing the plaster every day

Exactly what пластырь refers to in English can vary a little by context, but it is something adhesive used in wound care.

Каждый день means every day, and this is a very common Russian time expression.

Russian often uses the accusative for repeated time expressions like this:

• каждый день = every day
• каждую неделю = every week
• каждый год = every year

Here день is masculine inanimate, so its accusative singular looks like the nominative. That is why it appears as день, not something obviously different.

Because the sentence contains a series of coordinated verbs with the same subject:

• промыла
• наложила
• посоветовала

Russian separates these homogeneous predicates with commas, just as English would in a list of actions:

The nurse cleaned the wound, applied a bandage, and advised...

So the commas are simply marking the sequence of actions.

The word order is fairly neutral.

• Медсестра comes first as the subject
• then the completed actions follow
• then the advice content comes at the end

Russian word order is flexible, but this version sounds natural and straightforward, especially in narration.

You could move things around for emphasis, but the given order is the most neutral way to present the information.