Шум в коридоре заставил меня выключить телевизор.

Because шум is the subject of the sentence — it is the thing that caused the action.

• шум = noise
• In this sentence, the noise is what made the speaker do something.

So Russian uses the nominative for the subject:

• Шум в коридоре заставил меня выключить телевизор.

Literally, the structure is something like:

• [The noise] made [me] [turn off the TV].

Because в коридоре means in the corridor / in the hallway, describing location.

With в, Russian often uses:

• Prepositional case for location: в коридоре = in the corridor
• Accusative case for motion toward something: в коридор = into the corridor

Here there is no movement. The sentence is saying where the noise was:

• Шум в коридоре = noise in the corridor

So коридоре is prepositional singular of коридор.

Because the verb agrees with the subject in the past tense.

The subject is шум, and шум is:

• singular
• masculine

So the past tense form is masculine singular:

• заставил

Compare:

• шум заставил = the noise made...
• музыка заставила = the music made...
• это заставило = this made...

Russian past tense changes for gender and number, so the form depends on the noun doing the action.

Because меня is the accusative form of я.

In the pattern заставить кого-то что-то сделать, the person being made to do something goes in the accusative case.

So:

• я = I
• меня = me

In this sentence:

• заставил меня = made me

This is very similar to English:

• The noise made me turn off the TV.

Not made I.

This is a very common Russian pattern:

• заставить + someone (accusative) + infinitive

So here:

• заставил = made / forced
• меня = me
• выключить = to turn off
• телевизор = the TV

So the structure is:

• [something] заставило/заставил [someone] [do something]

Examples:

• Он заставил меня уйти. = He made me leave.
• Дождь заставил нас остаться дома. = The rain made us stay home.

Because after заставить, Russian normally uses an infinitive to express the action that someone was made to do.

So:

• заставил меня выключить телевизор
• literally: made me to turn off the TV
• natural English: made me turn off the TV

Russian does not need a finite second verb here. The infinitive is the normal construction.

Because выключить is perfective, and here the sentence refers to a completed action: turning the TV off.

• выключить = to turn off, as a completed act
• выключать = to be turning off / to turn off repeatedly / in a more ongoing or general sense

In this sentence, the idea is that the noise caused one specific completed result:

• I turned the TV off.

So perfective выключить is the natural choice.

It actually is in the accusative case, but for many masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative singular looks the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: телевизор
• accusative: телевизор

Because телевизор is:

• masculine
• singular
• inanimate

Compare with an animate masculine noun:

• я вижу брата = I see my brother

Here the accusative changes. But with телевизор, it stays the same in form.

Not always. Заставить can mean:

• make
• cause
• force

The exact strength depends on context.

In this sentence, Шум в коридоре заставил меня выключить телевизор, it does not necessarily mean physical force. It means the noise caused the speaker to decide they had to turn the TV off.

So a natural understanding is:

• The noise in the hallway made me turn off the TV.

Here made is usually better than a very strong word like forced.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible because case endings show the grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Шум в коридоре заставил меня выключить телевизор.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Меня заставил выключить телевизор шум в коридоре.
• Выключить телевизор меня заставил шум в коридоре.

These all keep roughly the same basic meaning, but the emphasis changes.

The original sentence sounds natural and neutral.

Russian has no articles like a or the.

So nouns appear without them:

• шум can mean noise, a noise, or the noise
• в коридоре can mean in a corridor or in the corridor

The exact meaning depends on context.

In this sentence, English would most naturally use:

• The noise in the hallway made me turn off the TV.

But Russian expresses that without articles.

Both can work, depending on context.

• коридор often corresponds to corridor
• but in everyday English, hallway is often more natural in a home or apartment context

So:

• Шум в коридоре = noise in the corridor
• or more naturally in many contexts: noise in the hallway

This is mostly a vocabulary/style issue, not a grammar difference.