Breakdown of Вчера у нашего дедушки был юбилей, ему исполнилось семьдесят лет.
Questions & Answers about Вчера у нашего дедушки был юбилей, ему исполнилось семьдесят лет.
Russian normally doesn’t use a direct equivalent of “have” (like иметь) for everyday possession.
Instead, it uses the construction:
- у + [someone in genitive] + есть / был / будет + [thing in nominative]
So:
- у нашего дедушки был юбилей literally = “At our grandfather there was an anniversary,”
but idiomatically = “Our grandfather had an anniversary.”
Saying наш дедушка имел юбилей is grammatically possible but sounds very unnatural and bookish here. For personal possessions, birthdays, events, etc., у + genitive is the standard pattern.
Because у requires the genitive case for the person who “has” something.
- Nominative (dictionary form): дедушка (grandfather)
- Genitive singular: дедушки
The pattern is:
- у кого? – у нашего дедушки
So:
- наш дедушка (subject in nominative)
- у нашего дедушки (possessor in genitive after у)
Нашего is in the genitive masculine singular to agree with дедушки, which is also genitive singular.
- наш дедушка – nominative
- нет нашего дедушки – genitive
- у нашего дедушки – genitive (because у needs genitive)
So the possessive pronoun must match the noun in case, number, and gender:
- наш (nom. masc. sg.) → нашего (gen. masc. sg.) to go with дедушки.
Юбилей is not just any birthday. In Russian it usually means:
- A special round-number anniversary, typically 50, 60, 70, etc.,
or another significant date (wedding anniversary, company anniversary, etc.).
So:
- день рождения – any birthday
- юбилей – a “big” birthday (e.g. 50th, 60th, 70th) or another round-number anniversary
In this sentence, юбилей means “his 70th birthday (a major milestone).”
Был marks that this happened in the past.
- У нашего дедушки юбилей. – “Our grandfather has an anniversary” (now, present time).
- Вчера у нашего дедушки был юбилей. – “Yesterday our grandfather had an anniversary.”
Without был, with вчера, the sentence would sound incomplete or wrong. For past tense, Russian normally uses the past form of быть (here был) unless the context is very clear and it’s being dropped in a specific style. In neutral speech here, you keep был.
The verb исполниться (perfective, reflexive) in this context means “to be fulfilled / to turn (a certain age)”.
The structure is:
- кому? (dative)
- исполнилось + сколько лет?
Literally:
- ему исполнилось семьдесят лет ≈ “to him fulfilled itself seventy years,”
idiomatically: “he turned seventy.”
So:
- ему – “to him” (dative)
- исполнилось – perfective past, “were fulfilled / turned”
- семьдесят лет – “seventy years” (the age reached)
In this construction, the person whose age we’re talking about is expressed in the dative:
- Кому исполнилось? – ему (to him), ей (to her), мне (to me), etc.
The “age” itself (семьдесят лет) is the logical subject of the verb исполнилось, and the person is like an indirect object: “To him, seventy years were fulfilled.”
So Russian uses a dative experiencer pattern here, not a nominative subject:
- Ему исполнилось семьдесят лет. – He turned seventy.
- Мне исполнилось тридцать лет. – I turned thirty.
The verb doesn’t agree with ему (dative), but with the age phrase семьдесят лет, which behaves as a neuter singular subject.
In Russian, with numbers 5 and above, the verb often appears in neuter singular in sentences expressing age or similar quantities:
- Исполнилось двадцать лет.
- Прошло пять лет.
- Осталось три дня.
So:
- семьдесят лет исполнилось → ему исполнилось семьдесят лет.
That’s why it’s исполнилось (neuter) and not исполнился.
For age and most time expressions with larger numbers, Russian uses лет, which is the genitive plural of год (year). The forms:
- 1 год
- 2, 3, 4 года
- 5–20 лет
- Then the pattern repeats after 20 (21 год, 22 года, 25 лет, etc.)
So:
- семьдесят лет – correct standard form for “seventy years (old).”
Годов also exists as genitive plural of год, but it’s used in other contexts or stylistically, not in the basic age phrase. You wouldn’t say ему исполнилось семьдесят годов in normal speech.
Both involve age, but the focus is different:
Ему исполнилось семьдесят лет.
– Event of turning seventy. Something just happened (yesterday, last week, etc.).Ему было семьдесят лет.
– State: he was seventy years old at some time in the past.
Examples:
- Вчера ему исполнилось семьдесят лет. – Yesterday he turned 70.
- Когда я с ним познакомился, ему было семьдесят лет. – When I met him, he was 70.
Yes, Russian word order is relatively flexible, and all of these are possible and natural with slight differences in emphasis:
- Вчера у нашего дедушки был юбилей. (neutral)
- У нашего дедушки вчера был юбилей. (emphasis on “our grandfather”)
- Вчера ему исполнилось семьдесят лет. (neutral)
- Ему вчера исполнилось семьдесят лет. (slight emphasis on “to him”)
- Семьдесят лет ему исполнилось вчера. (emphasis on “seventy years”)
All are grammatically correct; style and stress change, but meaning is essentially the same.
Yes, the imperfective is исполняться → past исполнялось.
- исполнилось (perfective) – a completed event: a specific moment when the age was reached.
- исполнялось (imperfective) – focuses on the process / background, not the single moment.
For age, исполнилось is strongly preferred:
- Вчера ему исполнилось семьдесят лет. – natural.
Исполнялось with age might appear in more descriptive, literary, or background contexts, e.g.:
- Ему тогда исполнялось семьдесят лет, и он чувствовал себя усталым.
(“He was turning seventy then, and he felt tired.”)
But in your sentence about a birthday yesterday, исполнилось is the normal choice.