Я кладу фрукты в корзину.

I put the fruit into the basket.

Breakdown of Я кладу фрукты в корзину.

• я: I
• фрукт: the fruit
• класть: to put
• в: into
• корзина: the bin

Questions & Answers about Я кладу фрукты в корзину.

What is the infinitive of кладу, and why does it look so different from the sentence form?

The infinitive is класть (to put, to lay).

Russian often has stem changes between the infinitive and the 1st person singular:

• infinitive: класть
• 1st person sg. present: я кладу
• 2nd person sg.: ты кладёшь
• 3rd person sg.: он/она/оно кладёт
• 1st person pl.: мы кладём
• 2nd person pl.: вы кладёте
• 3rd person pl.: они кладут

So кладу is just the irregular present-tense form of класть. You need to memorize this pattern; it’s very common and considered basic vocabulary.

When should I use класть / кладу and when положить / положу?

They are an aspect pair: класть is imperfective, положить is perfective.

• Я кладу фрукты в корзину.
  Focus on the process / ongoing action, or a repeated/habitual action.
  It can mean I am putting (right now) or I (usually) put.

• Я положу фрукты в корзину.
  Perfective future: I will put the fruit in the basket (once, to completion).
  In Russian, perfective verbs do not really have a present tense; their “present” forms are future in meaning.

So:

• use класть when talking about the process or habit;
• use положить when you care about the completed single result (often future or in narration of past events: я положил).

Why is фрукты plural here instead of singular like English fruit?

In Russian, фрукты (plural) is normally used for fruit in general.

• фрукты = fruit (as a group, plural items), fruits
• фрукт (singular) is usually:
  • one specific fruit: один фрукт
  • or sometimes a type of fruit: тропический фрукт

So Я кладу фрукты в корзину is the natural way to say I am putting the fruit in the basket, even if you’re not stressing that there are many different fruits.

What case is фрукты, and how can it be both subject and object form?

In this sentence фрукты is in the accusative plural as a direct object of кладу.

For inanimate nouns in Russian, nominative plural and accusative plural are identical in form:

• nominative plural: фрукты – Фрукты лежат на столе. (The fruit is lying on the table.)
• accusative plural: Я кладу фрукты в корзину. (I’m putting the fruit in the basket.)

You know it’s accusative here because:

• the verb класть takes a direct object, and
• фрукты answers what? (что?) I am putting what? – фрукты.

Why is it в корзину and not в корзине?

The preposition в changes meaning depending on the case:

• в
  • accusative = into / to (direction, movement into something)
• в
  • prepositional = in / inside / at (location, no movement)

Compare:

• Я кладу фрукты в корзину. – I’m putting the fruit into the basket (movement, so корзину, accusative).
• Фрукты в корзине. – The fruit is in the basket (location, so корзине, prepositional).

Because the sentence describes movement into the basket, Russian requires в корзину, not в корзине.

What is the dictionary form and gender of корзину, and how does it decline?

The dictionary (nominative singular) form is корзина – a feminine noun.

Singular declension:

• Nominative: корзина – basket (subject)
• Genitive: корзины
• Dative: корзине
• Accusative: корзину ← used in the sentence
• Instrumental: корзиной / корзиною
• Prepositional: корзине

In Я кладу фрукты в корзину, корзину is feminine accusative singular after the preposition of motion в.

Can the word order change in this sentence?

Yes, Russian word order is flexible, and you can move words to change emphasis:

• Я кладу фрукты в корзину. – neutral, standard.
• Фрукты я кладу в корзину. – emphasis on фрукты (as opposed to something else).
• В корзину я кладу фрукты. – emphasis on в корзину (into the basket, not somewhere else).
• Я в корзину кладу фрукты. – also possible; somewhat marked, focusing on location then content.

The basic informational structure is subject–verb–object, but moving elements to the beginning tends to emphasize them.

Does Я кладу фрукты в корзину mean I put (habitually) or I am putting (right now)?

It can mean either, depending on context, because Russian has no separate continuous tense:

• I am putting (right now, process happening) – very common interpretation.
• I (usually / often) put – habitual meaning is also possible:
  • Обычно я кладу фрукты в корзину. – Normally I put the fruit in the basket.

Both uses fit the imperfective aspect кладу. Context and adverbs (like сейчас, обычно, каждый день) clarify which nuance is intended.

Is класть the only verb for put, or are there other common verbs for different situations?

Russian divides put into several more specific verbs, depending on how you place something:

• класть / положить – to put/lay something down (often lying or not specifically vertical)
  • класть книгу на стол – put a book on the table.
• ставить / поставить – to set something upright, standing
  • ставить чашку на стол – put a cup (standing) on the table.
• вешать / повесить – to hang
  • вешать пальто на крючок – hang a coat on a hook.
• сажать / посадить – to seat (put someone into a sitting position)
  • сажать ребёнка на стул – sit/seat a child on a chair.

In Я кладу фрукты в корзину, кладу is appropriate because you are laying fruit into something, not making it stand or hanging it.

How do you pronounce кладу and корзину?

Pronunciation (with stress marked):

• кладу – [кладу]

  • stress on the second syllable: kla-DU
  • к and л are hard; д is also hard here.

• корзину – [карзину] (more exactly [кɐрˈзʲину])

  • stress on -зи-: kor-ZEE-nu
  • з becomes soft before и (like z with a slight y-sound), and н is also soft before у is not; actually here н is soft before у? In standard Russian, ну is hard, but the soft зʲ is clearly heard.

So the rhythm of the whole sentence is: Я клаДУ ФРУКты в корЗИну.

Can I drop я and just say Кладу фрукты в корзину?

Grammatically, yes. Russian verb endings already show the person and number, so кладу can only be I put.

• Я кладу фрукты в корзину.
• Кладу фрукты в корзину. – still means I am putting the fruit in the basket.

However:

• In neutral, full sentences, the subject pronoun is often used.
• Dropping я may sound:
  • more colloquial/spoken,
  • or like an incomplete sentence depending on context (e.g. if it starts a conversation with no prior context).

In conversation, omitting я is common when the subject is already clear.

How would I make a command from this, like Put the fruit in the basket!?

You have two main command options:

• Клади фрукты в корзину! (informal sg.)
  Imperfective imperative – focus on the process, or repeated action.
  Кладите фрукты в корзину! – formal/plural.

• Положи фрукты в корзину! (informal sg.)
  Perfective imperative – one concrete action, put them (once, completely)!
  Положите фрукты в корзину! – formal/plural.

In everyday speech, Положи(те) фрукты в корзину! is more common as a simple, clear command.

Can I say Я ложу фрукты в корзину, or is that wrong?

In standard Russian, Я ложу фрукты в корзину is considered incorrect.

• The correct imperfective verb is класть with я кладу, ты кладёшь, etc.
• Many native speakers do say ложить / я ложу in colloquial, non‑standard speech, but it’s stigmatized and marked as incorrect in school grammar.

So you should use:

• Я кладу фрукты в корзину. – I am putting the fruit in the basket.
• Я положу фрукты в корзину. – I will put the fruit in the basket.