Breakdown of Довольный ребёнок улыбается маме.
Questions & Answers about Довольный ребёнок улыбается маме.
In Russian, the verb улыбаться (to smile) takes the dative case for the person you smile to:
- улыбаться кому? – to smile to whom?
So you say:
- улыбаться маме – to smile (to) mom
- улыбаться другу – to smile (to) a friend
The accusative (маму) would be used with verbs that take a direct object:
- видеть маму – to see mom
- обнимать маму – to hug mom
But улыбаться doesn’t take a direct object; it takes an indirect object in the dative, so маме is correct.
Улыбается can be broken down like this:
- улыба- – the verb stem from улыбаться
- -ет- – 3rd person singular ending for the present tense (he/she/it)
- -ся – reflexive ending (written as -сь after a vowel, -ся after a consonant)
So улыбается = “(he/she/it) is smiling” and literally is “smiles-himself/herself” in form.
If you changed the person:
- я улыбаюсь – I am smiling
- ты улыбаешься – you are smiling
- мы улыбаемся – we are smiling