Учитель расставил парты в кабинете.

The teacher arranged the desks in the classroom.

Breakdown of Учитель расставил парты в кабинете.

• в: in
• учитель: the teacher
• кабинет: the classroom
• парта: the desk
• расставить: to arrange

Questions & Answers about Учитель расставил парты в кабинете.

Which word is the subject, which is the object, and what is в кабинете?

• Учитель – subject (nominative singular): the teacher
• расставил – verb (past tense, masculine, perfective): arranged / set up
• парты – direct object (accusative plural): the desks
• в кабинете – prepositional phrase of place: in the classroom / in the room

What exactly does расставил mean, and how is it different from just поставил?

Расставил (from расставить) means to arrange, to set things in order, to place them in specific positions relative to each other.
Nuance:

• поставил – simply put/placed something somewhere (focus on the act of putting).
• расставил – arranged/positioned several objects in a certain order or pattern (focus on order and distribution).

So Учитель расставил парты suggests the teacher organized the desks, not just placed one somewhere.

What tense and aspect is расставил, and what is its imperfective partner?

• расставил is past tense, masculine singular, perfective aspect.
• The imperfective partner is расставлять.

Aspect difference:

• расставил – one completed action: He arranged (and finished).
• расставлял – ongoing / repeated process in the past: He was arranging / used to arrange.

Example contrast:

• Учитель расставил парты в кабинете. – He arranged them (finished the job).
• Когда мы пришли, учитель расставлял парты в кабинете. – When we came, he was in the middle of arranging them.

Why does расставил end in -л, and what would it look like for other genders and plural?

The -л marks past tense. The ending before -л shows gender/number:

• Masculine singular: расставил – Учитель расставил...
• Feminine singular: расставила – Учительница расставила парты.
• Neuter singular: расставило – Кресло расставило? (unnatural here, but form exists).
• Plural (any gender mix): расставили – Учителя расставили парты.

What is парты exactly? Is it just “tables”?

Парта is a school desk (usually where students sit in a classroom).

• парта – a specific kind of desk, typically student desk in a school.
• стол – a general table / desk (kitchen table, office desk, etc.).

So парты = desks (the student desks), not just any tables.

What case is парты, and why does it look like nominative plural?

In Учитель расставил парты в кабинете:

• парты is accusative plural (direct object of расставил).
• For inanimate feminine nouns like парта:
  • Nominative plural: парты
  • Accusative plural: парты (same form)

So it looks like nominative plural, but grammatically it functions as accusative. Context and word order tell you that учитель is the subject and парты is the object.

What case is кабинете, and how is it different from кабинет or кабинета?

кабинете is prepositional singular of кабинет.

• кабинет – nominative singular: a room / office / classroom
• кабинета – genitive singular: of the room
• кабинете – prepositional singular: in the room

With в:

• в кабинет (+ accusative) – into the room (direction, movement).
• в кабинете (+ prepositional) – in the room (location, where something is).

Here we have в кабинете = in the classroom / in the office.

Why does кабинет mean “classroom” here? Isn’t it more like “office”?

Кабинет can mean:

1. office / study – for adults, professionals (e.g., кабинет директора – the director’s office).
2. subject classroom in a school or university – кабинет математики, кабинет физики, etc.

In a school context, в кабинете often means in the (subject) classroom.
If you wanted to emphasize “classroom” more generally, you could also say:

• в классе – literally in the classroom / in class (also can mean “during the lesson”).

Can I change the word order, for example: В кабинете учитель расставил парты?

Yes. Russian word order is relatively flexible; grammar is shown mostly by endings, not by position.

All of these are possible, with slightly different emphasis:

• Учитель расставил парты в кабинете. – Neutral; focus on what the teacher did.
• В кабинете учитель расставил парты. – Slight stress on the place: In the classroom, the teacher arranged the desks.
• Парты учитель расставил в кабинете. – Emphasizes парты (the desks) as what got arranged.

The basic roles (subject учитель, object парты) stay the same because their endings don’t change.

How would I say “The teacher was arranging the desks in the classroom” (ongoing action) instead of a finished action?

Use the imperfective: расставлял.

• Masculine: Учитель расставлял парты в кабинете. – The teacher was arranging the desks in the classroom.
• Feminine: Учительница расставляла парты в кабинете.

This focuses on the process, not the completed result.

How would the sentence change if the teacher is a woman?

You usually change both the noun and the verb ending:

• Учительница расставила парты в кабинете.
  
  • Учительница – female teacher
  • расставила – past tense, feminine singular

If you keep учитель but refer to a woman (some people do this in official contexts), the verb still must agree in gender:

• Учитель расставила парты в кабинете. – grammatically possible, but stylistically mixed; учительница is clearer in everyday speech.

Where is the stress in учитель, расставил, парты, кабинете, and how are they roughly pronounced?

Stresses:

• учи́тель – stress on -чи́-: [u-CHEE-til’]
• расста́вил – stress on -ста́-: [ras-STAH-vil]
• па́рты – stress on па́-: [PAR-ty]
• кабине́те – stress on -не́-: [ka-bi-NYE-te]

Sentence-level: УчИ́тель расста́вил па́рты в кабинЕ́те.