Learn Hardcore Russian: Лаборатория оснащена современным оборудованием для экспериментов. - The laboratory is equipped with modern equipment for experiments.

Оснащена is a short-form passive past participle (краткое страдательное причастие) of the perfective verb оснастить. It agrees with the feminine singular subject лаборатория (hence the ending -а). In this construction it behaves like a predicate meaning “is equipped,” expressing the result of a completed action.

Why is оборудованием in the instrumental case?

With the verb оснастить/оснащать, the thing you equip something with is put in the instrumental: оснастить что? чем? → оснащена оборудованием. Since оборудование is a neuter noun, its instrumental singular ending is -ем.

Why is современным also in the instrumental case?

Adjectives must agree in gender, number and case with the nouns they modify. Here современным modifies оборудованием (neuter, singular, instrumental), so современным takes the instrumental singular ending -ым/им.

Why is для экспериментов in the genitive plural?

The preposition для always governs the genitive case. We use the plural экспериментов because it refers to experiments in general. The genitive plural of эксперимент is экспериментов.

Could we say Лаборатория оснащена современным оборудованием для проведения экспериментов?

Yes. Для проведения экспериментов (for conducting experiments) is a more explicit variant but grammatically equivalent. It simply replaces экспериментов with a deverbal noun phrase проведение экспериментов, still in genitive after для.

What’s the difference between оснащена and оборудована?

Both mean “is equipped,” but:

оснащена often implies supplying specific tools or high-tech gadgets.
оборудована is more general (“furnished with equipment or facilities”).
In many contexts they are interchangeable, though style or nuance may favor one.

Who or what is the subject of this sentence?

The subject is Лаборатория, a feminine noun in the nominative case. It’s what is being equipped.

Can I turn this into an active-voice sentence?

Yes. For example:
Они оснастили лабораторию современным оборудованием для экспериментов.
Here они is the agent, лабораторию becomes the direct object (accusative), and оснастили is the active perfective verb.