Вы можете научить меня водить?

Вы is the formal/polite way to say you to one person, and it is also the plural form you.

So this sentence could be addressed:

• to one person politely
• or to several people

If you were speaking to a close friend, child, or family member, you might use ты instead:

• Ты можешь научить меня водить?

That means the same thing, but in an informal singular way.

Capitalizing Вы is a politeness convention in writing when addressing one person respectfully. It is common in letters, messages, and formal communication.

So:

• Вы = polite written form
• вы = also correct in many normal contexts

In speech, of course, you cannot hear the capital letter.

Можете is the 2nd person plural/formal singular form of мочь, meaning to be able to or can.

So:

• я могу = I can
• ты можешь = you can (informal singular)
• Вы можете = you can (formal singular or plural)

In this sentence, можете means can.

Yes. Вы можете...? is a very normal way to ask Can you...?

However, depending on context, it can sound like:

• Are you able to...?
• Can you...?
• sometimes even Could you...?

If you want to sound extra polite, Russian often uses something like:

• Не могли бы Вы научить меня водить?
  = Could you teach me to drive?

So Вы можете... ? is correct, but not the most polite possible version.

This is about aspect.

• учить = imperfective, to teach / to be teaching
• научить = perfective, to teach successfully, to teach someone how to do something

In this sentence, the speaker means teach me how to drive, with the idea of reaching the result: I learn the skill.

That is why научить is natural here.

Compare:

• учить меня русскому = to teach me Russian
• научить меня плавать = to teach me to swim
• научить меня водить = to teach me to drive

Because меня is the direct object of научить.

The verb научить usually takes:

• someone in the accusative
• plus the skill/action being learned

So:

• научить меня водить
• научить тебя читать
• научить ребёнка плавать

Here:

• меня = me (accusative)

If you used мне, that would be dative, and it would not fit this structure.

Here водить means to drive.

More literally, водить is related to leading/guiding/operating something. In modern usage, it commonly means to drive a vehicle.

So:

• водить машину = to drive a car
• уметь водить = to know how to drive
• научить водить = to teach someone to drive

This is a very common learner question.

Both verbs are related, but they are used differently:

• вести = to lead, conduct, drive, take, guide; often a single concrete action
• водить = to lead/drive/take habitually, repeatedly, or as a skill

After научить, Russian normally uses the infinitive of the skill/activity, and водить is the natural choice for to drive as an ability.

So:

• научить меня водить = teach me how to drive

Using вести here would sound wrong for this meaning.

Because in Russian it is often understood from context.

Водить by itself often means to drive a car / to drive in general. So водить alone is enough if the object is obvious.

If you want to be explicit, you can say:

• Вы можете научить меня водить машину?

That means exactly Can you teach me to drive a car?

Without машину, the sentence still sounds natural.

Yes. It usually means teach me to drive in a general sense.

In many contexts, people will assume car driving, but the sentence itself does not force that interpretation strongly unless you add the object:

• водить машину = drive a car
• водить грузовик = drive a truck

So the shorter version is general and context-dependent.

Yes, Russian word order is flexible, though different orders can shift emphasis.

Neutral order:

• Вы можете научить меня водить?

Other possible orders:

• Вы можете меня научить водить?
• Меня можете научить водить?
• Водить меня можете научить? — possible, but marked and emphatic

The standard, most neutral version is the one you have:

• Вы можете научить меня водить?

A helpful stress pattern is:

Вы мОжете научИть менЯ водИть?

Stress:

• Вы
• мОжете
• научИть
• менЯ
• водИть

A rough pronunciation guide:

• vy MO-zhe-tye na-oo-CHEET mye-NYA va-DEET

Not perfect English-style transliteration, but enough to help spot the stressed syllables.

Yes. Russian often forms simple yes/no questions with the same word order as a statement, and the question is shown by:

• intonation in speech
• a question mark in writing

So:

• Вы можете научить меня водить. = statement
• Вы можете научить меня водить? = question

No extra word like English do is needed.

Yes, a Russian speaker could definitely say this. It is understandable and natural.

Depending on tone and situation, these might also be common:

• Вы можете научить меня водить машину?
  More explicit

• Не могли бы Вы научить меня водить?
  More polite

• Вы не могли бы научить меня водить?
  Also very common and polite

So your sentence is good; it just sits somewhere between neutral and polite.