После обминки и расстойки тесто осело.

Because после always takes the genitive case in Russian.

So:

• обминка → после обминки
• расстойка → после расстойки

That is why the sentence says После обминки и расстойки...

Both nouns are singular and both are in the genitive. The conjunction и does not change that; it simply links two nouns that are both controlled by после.

После means after.

It is a preposition, and one important thing to remember is that it requires the genitive case:

• после урока = after the lesson
• после работы = after work
• после обминки = after kneading/punching down
• после расстойки = after proofing

So in this sentence, После обминки и расстойки means After the kneading/punch-down and proofing.

In baking, обминка refers to the stage where dough is pressed down or worked again after rising. In English, this is often described as:

• punching down the dough
• knocking back
• sometimes re-kneading lightly

It comes from the verb обмять / обминать, which means to press or knead down.

So this is a specific baking term, not a general everyday word for all kinds of kneading.

Расстойка is a baking term meaning proofing or the rising period of dough before baking.

It comes from the verb расстояться, meaning something like to proof / to rise properly / to rest and ferment into shape in a baking context.

So:

• обминка = knocking back / punching down
• расстойка = proofing

These are both technical bread-making words.

Because тесто is the subject of the sentence.

The basic structure is:

• После обминки и расстойки = after the kneading and proofing
• тесто = the dough
• осело = sank / settled / collapsed / deflated

So тесто is the thing that performed the action of осело, which is why it stays in the nominative.

Because the subject тесто is a neuter noun.

In the Russian past tense, verbs agree with the subject in gender and number:

• masculine: осел
• feminine: осела
• neuter: осело
• plural: осели

Since тесто is neuter, the correct form is осело.

The form осело is the past tense neuter singular of the verb осесть.

So:

• dictionary form: осесть
• past neuter singular: осело

This verb often means:

• to sink
• to settle
• to subside
• to collapse a bit
• to deflate

In a dough context, it suggests that the dough went down, lost volume, or collapsed somewhat.

Осесть is perfective.

That matters because the sentence describes a completed result: after those stages, the dough ended up sinking/deflating.

Its imperfective partner is usually оседать.

Compare:

• тесто оседало = the dough was sinking / used to sink / kept settling
• тесто осело = the dough sank / settled / collapsed

Here, осело presents the event as a single completed outcome.

Because обминки и расстойки are not the subject of the sentence. They are both objects of the preposition после.

The subject is only тесто, which is singular.

So the verb agrees with тесто, not with обминки и расстойки.

That is why you get:

• После обминки и расстойки тесто осело.

not a plural verb.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, although the original version sounds natural and neutral.

Possible variations include:

• Тесто осело после обминки и расстойки.
• После обминки и расстойки осело тесто. — more marked, often used for emphasis or style

The most neutral version is probably:

• После обминки и расстойки тесто осело.

Putting the time/sequence phrase first is very common in Russian.

Not necessarily. It means the dough sank, settled, or deflated.

Depending on context, that could mean:

• it simply lost some rise
• it collapsed more seriously
• it became denser than expected

So осело does not automatically mean total failure, but it usually suggests that the dough’s volume went down in an undesirable or noticeable way.

Russian does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So тесто can mean:

• the dough
• some dough
• dough

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, English will usually translate it as the dough, because a specific dough is being discussed.

A helpful stress pattern is:

• После — ПОсле
• обминки — обМИНки
• расстойки — расСТОЙки
• тесто — ТЕсто
• осело — оСЕло

So the whole sentence is pronounced roughly as:

ПО-сле об-МИН-ки и рас-СТОЙ-ки ТЕ-сто о-СЕ-ло

For a learner, the most important thing is to notice the stress in обминки, расстойки, and осело, because it may not be obvious from spelling alone.