Глазурование уже началось.

Глазурование is a noun, not a finite verb. It names a process, similar to English glazing or the process of applying glaze.

Russian often makes these process nouns with endings like -ание, -ение, and -ование. So глазурование is the name of the action, while a verb would be something like глазуровать.

It is in the nominative singular. In this sentence, it is the subject:

Глазурование уже началось.
= The glazing has already begun.

Because it is the subject, the verb началось agrees with it.

Because глазурование is a neuter singular noun.

In the Russian past tense, singular verbs agree with the subject in gender:

• masculine: начался
• feminine: началась
• neuter: началось

Since глазурование is neuter, the correct form is началось.

Nouns like this, especially ones ending in -ание / -ение / -ование, are typically neuter.

So:

• глазурование → neuter
• therefore началось

This is a very common pattern in Russian.

The verb here is начаться, not начать.

• начать = to begin/start something
• начаться = to begin/start (intransitive: the event itself begins)

So началось means began / started in the sense that the process itself started.

It is not usually helpful to translate -ся literally as itself here. The important point is that начаться is the normal verb for something beginning:

• Урок начался. = The lesson began.
• Глазурование началось. = The glazing began.

Началось is perfective past tense, from начаться.

The perfective aspect is used because the sentence presents the beginning as a completed event: the start has already happened.

So the idea is:

• already started / has already begun

If you used the imperfective начиналось, the meaning would be different, more like:

• was beginning
• used to begin
• had begun to start unfolding in context

In this sentence, началось is the natural choice.

Russian does not have a separate tense that works exactly like the English present perfect.

So началось can correspond to English:

• began
• has begun
• has started
• started

The best English choice depends on context. With уже and the sense of a current result, English often prefers has already begun or has already started.

Уже means already.

It shows that the action happened before the expected or relevant moment. So:

Глазурование уже началось.
= The glazing has already begun.

Without уже, the sentence would simply mean:

Глазурование началось.
= The glazing began / has begun.

Adding уже gives the idea of already.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible.

These are all possible, with slightly different emphasis:

• Глазурование уже началось. — neutral
• Уже началось глазурование. — stronger focus on already started
• Глазурование началось уже... — possible in the right context, often if more words follow

The original sentence is a very normal, neutral order.

Russian has no articles.

So глазурование can mean:

• glazing
• the glazing
• sometimes even a glazing

The context tells you which English article sounds best. In this sentence, English will often use the:

The glazing has already begun.

Yes. If you want to say what is being glazed, Russian often adds a noun in the genitive:

• глазурование печенья = the glazing of the cookies
• глазурование керамики = the glazing of the ceramics

So the sentence could be expanded:

Глазурование печенья уже началось.
= The glazing of the cookies has already begun.

In your sentence, that information is simply omitted because it is either obvious or not important.

It sounds natural, but somewhat technical, procedural, or process-oriented because of the noun глазурование.

Russian often uses this kind of process noun in:

• manufacturing
• cooking/food production
• technical descriptions
• formal instructions

In everyday speech, a person might sometimes choose a more verbal phrasing instead, depending on context. But Глазурование уже началось is perfectly correct and natural in the right setting.