Транспортная накладная показывает трек-номер и страну происхождения.

It means something like shipping document, consignment note, or waybill.

A useful detail for learners: накладная by itself is a common noun meaning a shipping or invoice-type document. So транспортная накладная is a specific kind of shipping document.

Because the subject is singular: транспортная накладная.

• транспортная накладная = one shipping document
• показывает = shows / displays

If the subject were plural, you would use показывают:

• Транспортные накладные показывают... = The shipping documents show...

Because it is a direct object, and Russian marks direct objects with the accusative case.

The verb показывать takes a direct object:

• показывает что? = shows what?

So:

• страна → nominative
• страну → accusative singular

Since страна is a feminine noun ending in -а, its accusative singular changes to -у.

Because Russian accusative forms depend on gender and animacy.

Both трек-номер and страну are direct objects after показывает, but:

• трек-номер is masculine inanimate
• страна is feminine

For most masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative looks the same as the nominative:

• трек-номер → трек-номер

For many feminine nouns ending in -а, the accusative changes:

• страна → страну

So both are objects, but they behave differently.

Because the whole phrase country of origin is functioning as the direct object.

The main noun in that phrase is страна, so it has to go into the accusative:

• страна происхождения = country of origin as a dictionary-style phrase
• страну происхождения = country of origin as the object in this sentence

The second word, происхождения, stays in the genitive case because it depends on страна and means of origin.

So literally:

• страну = country (accusative)
• происхождения = of origin (genitive)

It is in the genitive singular.

This is because Russian often uses the genitive to express an of relationship:

• страна происхождения = country of origin
• literally: country of origin

The noun происхождение means origin, and in this phrase it becomes:

• происхождение → происхождения

So происхождения depends on страна and describes what kind of country it is.

Because it is a compound word built from:

• трек = track
• номер = number

In modern Russian, some borrowed compounds like this are commonly written with a hyphen. You may also see alternatives in real life, especially:

• номер отслеживания = tracking number

That version sounds a bit more formal or standard to many speakers.

Yes, absolutely.

Both can refer to a tracking number, but there is a slight style difference:

• трек-номер = common, modern, somewhat influenced by English
• номер отслеживания = more neutral, more traditionally Russian

So this would also be natural:

• Транспортная накладная показывает номер отслеживания и страну происхождения.

The structure is:

• Subject: Транспортная накладная
• Verb: показывает
• Objects: трек-номер and страну происхождения

So the pattern is:

• [something] shows [thing 1] and [thing 2]

Russian often allows freer word order than English, but this sentence uses a very straightforward, neutral order.

Yes, Russian word order is flexible, but changing it can shift emphasis.

Neutral order:

• Транспортная накладная показывает трек-номер и страну происхождения.

Possible variations:

• Трек-номер и страну происхождения показывает транспортная накладная.
• Страну происхождения и трек-номер показывает транспортная накладная.

These alternatives are grammatically possible, but they sound more marked or emphatic. For a learner, the original order is the safest and most natural.

A helpful stress guide is:

• транспо́ртная накладна́я пока́зывает трек-но́мер и страну́ происхожде́ния

A rough pronunciation guide:

• trans-PORT-na-ya nak-lad-NA-ya pa-KA-zy-va-yet trek-NO-mer ee stra-NOO pro-is-khozh-DEN-i-ya

A few useful notes:

• показывает is pronounced roughly pa-KA-zy-va-yet
• и is simply and
• происхождения has stress on -де́-

Either can work, depending on context.

• shows = the most general translation
• displays = often good if you are talking about information visible in a system, app, or document

So in context, this sentence could mean:

• The shipping document shows the tracking number and the country of origin.
• The shipping document displays the tracking number and the country of origin.

Both are reasonable.

They are:

• транспортный = transport-related / shipping-related
• накладная = shipping note / waybill / invoice-type document
• показывать = to show
• трек-номер = tracking number
• страна = country
• происхождение = origin

In the sentence, some of these are inflected:

• транспортная = feminine singular form of транспортный
• показывает = he/she/it shows
• страну = accusative singular of страна
• происхождения = genitive singular of происхождение