Это вино сухое.

In the present tense, Russian usually does not use a verb meaning is / am / are.

So:

• Это вино сухое = This wine is dry / The wine is dry
• literally, it is more like This wine dry

This is completely normal in Russian.
If you were talking about the past or future, you would use forms of быть:

• Это вино было сухое = This wine was dry
• Это вино будет сухое = This wine will be dry

Это is a very common word in Russian, and here it can feel a bit tricky because it does several jobs in Russian.

In a sentence like Это вино сухое, это points something out:

• this
• this is
• sometimes almost just it

So depending on context, the whole sentence may be understood as:

• This wine is dry
• This is dry wine only in some contexts, but that is less likely here
• The wine is dry if you are indicating a particular wine

A useful learner rule is:

• Это + noun + adjective often works like This/That noun is ...

So here, think of это as a pointing word: this / this is.

Because it has to agree with вино.

In Russian, adjectives agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here:

• вино is neuter
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective must also be neuter singular nominative:

• masculine: сухой
• feminine: сухая
• neuter: сухое
• plural: сухие

That is why you get:

• сухое вино = dry wine
• Это вино сухое = This wine is dry

A very common clue is the ending.

Many Russian nouns ending in:

• -о
• -е

are neuter.

So вино is neuter, and that affects the adjective:

• вино → сухое

This is not an absolute rule for every single noun in Russian, but it is a very reliable pattern for beginners.

Great question. Russian adjectives often go before the noun when they are simply describing it inside a noun phrase:

• сухое вино = dry wine

But in Это вино сухое, the adjective comes after because it is part of the predicate — it tells you something about the wine:

• Это вино сухое = This wine is dry

So compare:

• сухое вино = dry wine
  
  • one noun phrase
• вино сухое = the wine is dry / the wine is dry, not sweet
  • a statement about the wine

This difference is very important.

They are similar, but not the same.

Это вино сухое

This is a full sentence.
It means:

• This wine is dry

Here, сухое is the predicate adjective.

Это сухое вино

This is usually understood as:

• This is dry wine
• This is a dry wine

Here, сухое вино is one noun phrase, meaning dry wine.

So:

• Это вино сухое = statement about the wine
• Это сухое вино = identification/classification of the wine

Yes, absolutely.

• Вино сухое = The wine is dry / Wine is dry depending on context

Adding это often makes it more demonstrative or more like pointing something out:

• Это вино сухое = This wine is dry

So:

• Вино сухое = a plain statement
• Это вино сухое = a statement with this/that emphasis

Both are natural, but they are used in slightly different situations.

Because Russian has no articles.

Russian does not have direct equivalents of English a/an and the.
So вино can mean:

• wine
• a wine
• the wine

The exact meaning depends on context.

In this sentence, context tells you whether it means:

• This wine is dry
• The wine is dry

English must choose an article; Russian usually does not.

The stress is:

• Э́то вино́ сухо́е

A rough pronunciation guide:

• Э́то = EH-tuh
• вино́ = vee-NO
• сухо́е = soo-KHO-ye

A few notes:

• Russian о often sounds reduced when unstressed, but here the stressed о in вино́ and сухо́е is clear.
• The х in сухо́е is like the ch in Scottish loch or German Bach, not like English h.

Yes. In Russian, сухой / сухая / сухое is the normal word for dry, including for wine.

So:

• сухое вино = dry wine

This is exactly the standard way to describe wine as dry, not sweet.

So even though dry can have many meanings in English, here it works in the ordinary wine-related sense.

The sentence is normal, but the word order can add a bit of emphasis depending on context.

• Это вино сухое can sound like: This wine is dry
• It may especially contrast with something else, for example:
  • Это вино сухое, а то сладкое = This wine is dry, and that one is sweet

Russian word order is more flexible than English word order, and speakers often use it to manage emphasis, topic, and contrast.

So while the sentence is perfectly standard, it can also subtly highlight сухое as the important information.