Правительство обсуждает решение.

The subject is правительство because it is the thing doing the action.

The object is решение because it is the thing being discussed.

So the structure is:

• Правительство = subject
• обсуждает = verb
• решение = direct object

Because правительство is grammatically singular in Russian.

Even though a government consists of many people, Russian treats правительство as one unit, so the verb must also be singular:

• правительство обсуждает = singular
• not правительство обсуждают

This is similar to English the government is discussing... in varieties of English that use singular agreement.

Правительство is neuter.

You can often recognize neuter nouns by endings like -о or -е, and правительство ends in -о.

Because it is neuter singular, the verb is in the 3rd person singular form: обсуждает.

Here решение is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of обсуждает.

However, for many inanimate neuter singular nouns, the accusative form is the same as the nominative form. So:

• nominative: решение
• accusative: решение

That is why the form does not change.

Because it is an inanimate neuter singular noun, and in Russian that usually means:

• nominative = accusative

So after a verb like обсуждать, you still get решение, not a different-looking form.

If you saw another case, the form would change, for example:

• нет решения = genitive
• к решению = dative
• с решением = instrumental
• о решении = prepositional

It can mean either one, depending on context.

Russian present-tense imperfective verbs often cover both:

• discusses
• is discussing

So Правительство обсуждает решение could mean:

• The government discusses the decision
  or
• The government is discussing the decision

Context tells you which is more natural.

The infinitive is обсуждать.

It is imperfective aspect, which is used for:

• ongoing actions
• repeated actions
• general processes

Its perfective partner is usually обсудить.

So:

• обсуждает = is discussing / discusses
• обсудит = will discuss, will finish discussing

In this sentence, the imperfective form focuses on the process of discussion, not on completion.

No. Обсуждать normally takes a direct object with no preposition.

So you say:

• обсуждать решение
• обсуждать вопрос
• обсуждать проблему

Not:

• обсуждать о решении ❌

This is different from some verbs where Russian does use a preposition.

Yes. Russian word order is more flexible than English word order.

The neutral order here is:

• Правительство обсуждает решение.

But other orders are possible for emphasis:

• Решение обсуждает правительство. = emphasizes it is the government that is discussing it
• Правительство решение обсуждает. = can emphasize the action or sound more contrastive

Even when the order changes, the basic meaning can stay similar because the case system helps show each word’s role.

Russian has no articles like the or a/an.

So правительство can mean:

• the government
• sometimes just government, depending on context

And решение can mean:

• the decision
• a decision, depending on context

Russian leaves that kind of information to context rather than using articles.

The stress is:

• правИтельство
• обсуждАет
• решЕние

So the full sentence is:

правИтельство обсуждАет решЕние

A rough pronunciation guide is:

pra-VEE-tyel-stva ab-soozh-DA-yet ree-SHE-nee-ye

The most important thing for a learner is to place the stress correctly, because stress in Russian is very important.

Решение is singular.

The plural is решения.

So:

• решение = one decision
• решения = decisions

In your sentence, решение is singular, so the meaning is one decision.