Vi-am trimis raportul înainte de ședință.

vi-am trimis has three parts:

• vi = to you (indirect object pronoun)
• am = auxiliary used to form the perfect tense
• trimis = past participle of a trimite (to send)

So literally it is something like to you have-I sent, but in natural English it becomes I sent you or I have sent you.

The hyphen is standard in Romanian when an unstressed pronoun like vi is attached to an auxiliary such as am.

So:

• vi-am = I sent to you / I have sent to you
• not normally written as vi am in correct standard spelling here

This is very common with clitic pronouns in Romanian:

• ți-am spus = I told you
• i-am dat = I gave him/her
• v-am trimis = I sent you

Both are related to you, but they do different jobs.

• vă is usually the direct object or a reflexive form
• vi is the indirect object form, meaning to you

In Vi-am trimis raportul, the thing being sent is raportul (the report), so you is the recipient, not the thing sent. That is why Romanian uses the indirect object pronoun vi = to you.

Compare:

• Vă văd. = I see you. → direct object
• Vi-am scris. = I wrote to you. → indirect object

vi here is used for:

• to you all (plural)
• or to you in a polite/formal way

So the sentence could mean:

• I sent you all the report before the meeting
• or I sent you the report before the meeting when speaking politely to one person

Romanian often uses plural forms for polite singular address.

am trimis is the perfectul compus, the most common past tense in everyday Romanian.

It is formed with:

• present tense of a avea as an auxiliary
• plus the past participle

Here:

• am = I have
• trimis = sent

In English, depending on context, it can translate as:

• I sent
• I have sent

Romanian uses this tense very broadly for completed past actions.

raportul means the report. The ending -ul is the definite article attached to the end of the noun.

Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun, unlike English.

So:

• raport = a report / report
• raportul = the report

That is why raportul is used if the report is specific and already known in context.

After înainte de (before), Romanian often uses a noun without the definite article when speaking in a general time-reference way.

So:

• înainte de ședință = before the meeting

This is very natural in Romanian, even when English uses the.

You can sometimes also hear definite forms in more specific contexts, but înainte de ședință is the normal, idiomatic choice here.

After the preposition de, the noun is normally in the form that looks like the accusative in modern Romanian.

So in înainte de ședință, ședință is just the normal noun form used after the preposition.

For many Romanian nouns, the accusative looks the same as the nominative, so learners usually do not need to think of a special extra form here.

Yes, Romanian word order is flexible, though Vi-am trimis raportul înainte de ședință is perfectly natural.

Possible variations include:

• Raportul vi l-am trimis înainte de ședință.
  This emphasizes the report
• Înainte de ședință vi-am trimis raportul.
  This emphasizes before the meeting

The original sentence is a neutral, everyday word order.

There can be, but it is not necessary here.

The sentence already has the full noun raportul, so Vi-am trimis raportul is complete and natural.

Romanian sometimes uses clitic doubling for emphasis or certain structures:

• Vi l-am trimis înainte de ședință. = I sent it to you before the meeting
• Raportul vi l-am trimis înainte de ședință. = The report, I sent it to you before the meeting

Here:

• l- stands for it referring to raportul

But in the original sentence, the direct object is simply expressed as the noun itself.

Yes. Romanian perfectul compus often covers both:

• simple past: I sent
• present perfect: I have sent

The exact English translation depends on context.

In many practical situations, Vi-am trimis raportul înainte de ședință will simply be understood as a completed past action: I sent you the report before the meeting.