Stomatologul descoperă caria.

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

• stomatolog = dentist / stomatologist
• stomatologul = the dentist

Here, -ul is the masculine singular definite article.

So:

• stomatolog = a dentist
• stomatologul = the dentist

Yes. Stomatolog is a standard Romanian word for dentist, and you may also hear medic stomatolog for dental doctor / dentist.

English speakers sometimes expect a word that looks like dentist, but in Romanian the usual basic noun is stomatolog.

Descoperă is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a descoperi.

That means it matches subjects like:

• el = he
• ea = she
• stomatologul = the dentist

So stomatologul descoperă means the dentist discovers or the dentist is discovering, depending on context.

It can mean either one. Romanian present tense often covers both the simple present and the present progressive that English separates.

So this sentence could mean:

• The dentist discovers the cavity.
• The dentist is discovering the cavity.

Context normally tells you which meaning is intended.

Because carie is the basic form, and caria is the definite singular form.

• carie = cavity / tooth decay lesion
• caria = the cavity

This is a feminine noun, and its definite article is -a.
So the noun changes like this:

• o carie = a cavity
• caria = the cavity

Mostly from word order and normal sentence patterns.

Romanian commonly uses:

Subject + Verb + Object

So in:

Stomatologul descoperă caria.

the natural reading is:

• stomatologul = subject
• descoperă = verb
• caria = object

Also, caria is an inanimate direct object, so Romanian does not use the marker pe here.

Not completely. Romanian word order is more flexible than English, but Subject + Verb + Object is the most neutral pattern.

So:

• Stomatologul descoperă caria. = neutral, standard order

Other orders are possible, but they usually add emphasis, contrast, or a special tone.

For a learner, it is best to treat this sentence as a normal SVO sentence.

Because Romanian usually uses a postposed definite article—the article is attached to the noun.

Compare:

• English: the dentist, the cavity
• Romanian: stomatologul, caria

So Romanian expresses the by changing the noun itself rather than by putting a separate word before it.

You would use the indefinite articles un and o:

Un stomatolog descoperă o carie.

Compare:

• Stomatologul descoperă caria. = The dentist discovers the cavity.
• Un stomatolog descoperă o carie. = A dentist discovers a cavity.

This is a very useful contrast for learning Romanian articles.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

sto-ma-to-LO-gul des-co-PE-rə KA-ri-a

A few helpful points:

• ă in descoperă is pronounced like the a in sofa: a short uh/schwa sound
• g in stomatologul is a hard g, like in go
• caria has three syllables: KA-ri-a

A more IPA-like version is:

/stoma.toˈlo.ɡul des.koˈpe.rə ˈka.ri.a/

The dictionary forms are:

• stomatolog = dentist
• a descoperi = to discover
• carie = cavity / tooth decay lesion

This matters because Romanian often changes words by adding endings, especially for:

• definite articles
• verb conjugation

So the sentence uses changed forms of the basic dictionary entries:

• stomatolog → stomatologul
• a descoperi → descoperă
• carie → caria