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Learn Hardcore Romanian: Gingia sângerează. - The gum bleeds.

Hardcore Romanian
/Getting dental treatment
/Gingia sângerează.

Gingia sângerează.

Gingia sângerează.

The gum bleeds.

Breakdown of Gingia sângerează.

the gum; gingiva

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Questions & Answers about Gingia sângerează.

Why is gingia translated with the, even though there is no separate word for the?

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word before it.

gingie = gum / a gum
gingia = the gum

So the -a at the end is the feminine singular definite article.

What is the base form of gingia?

The dictionary form is gingie.

Here are the most useful forms:

o gingie = a gum
gingia = the gum
gingii = gums
gingiile = the gums

The noun is feminine.

Why is gingia singular? In English we often say gums.

That is a very natural question. Romanian can use the singular when talking about gum tissue in a general or medical sense, so Gingia sângerează is possible.

But in everyday English, people often say my gums are bleeding, and Romanian often does the same with the plural:

Îmi sângerează gingiile. = My gums are bleeding.

So the singular in your sentence is grammatical, but the plural is also very common depending on context.

What form is sângerează?

sângerează is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a sângera = to bleed.

It matches the singular subject gingia.

A few forms:

eu sângerez = I bleed / am bleeding
tu sângerezi = you bleed / are bleeding
el/ea sângerează = he/she/it bleeds / is bleeding

So Gingia sângerează literally has a singular subject and a singular verb.

Does sângerează mean bleeds or is bleeding?

It can mean either one, depending on context.

Romanian present tense often covers both:

bleeds
is bleeding

So Gingia sângerează could describe:

a general fact: The gum bleeds
something happening now: The gum is bleeding

Context tells you which one is meant.

Why isn’t there a word for is in the sentence?

Because Romanian does not need a separate verb like is to make the present progressive in this kind of sentence.

English distinguishes:

bleeds
is bleeding

Romanian often just uses the simple present:

sângerează

So one Romanian verb can cover both English ideas.

How do you pronounce gingia and sângerează?

A few important pronunciation points:

g before e or i is pronounced like English j
â is a Romanian vowel with no exact English equivalent
ă sounds like a short, unstressed uh

So:

gingia: both g sounds are like j
sângerează: the ge part also sounds like je

Also note that Romanian usually pronounces the vowels clearly, so the ending -ia in gingia is not reduced away.

How would I say My gums are bleeding in a more natural everyday way?

A very natural way is:

Îmi sângerează gingiile.

Here:

îmi = to me / my in this kind of body-part expression
gingiile = the gums

Romanian often uses this structure with body parts, where English uses my.

So instead of literally saying my gums, Romanian often says something closer to the gums are bleeding to me.

How do I make this negative or turn it into a question?

For a negative sentence, add nu before the verb:

Gingia nu sângerează. = The gum isn’t bleeding.

For a question, you can keep the same order and use intonation:

Gingia sângerează? = Is the gum bleeding?

You can also invert the order for a slightly more marked question:

Sângerează gingia?

Both are correct.

Could I also say Gingia mea sângerează?

Yes, you can. It means My gum is bleeding.

But with body parts, Romanian very often prefers the dative pronoun construction:

Îmi sângerează gingia.
Îmi sângerează gingiile.

That sounds especially natural in everyday speech. So gingia mea is correct, but îmi... gingia/gingiile is often more idiomatic.

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