Stomatologul examinează măseaua.

Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word before it.

So here:

• stomatolog = dentist / a dentist
• stomatologul = the dentist
• măsea = a molar
• măseaua = the molar

This is a major difference from English.

Because -ul is a very common definite article ending for a masculine singular noun.

• stomatolog = dentist
• stomatologul = the dentist

So -ul is what makes the noun definite here.

This is the normal pattern for many feminine nouns ending in -ea. In the definite singular, they often become -eaua.

Examples:

• măsea → măseaua
• cafea → cafeaua
• stea → steaua

So this is not random; it is a pattern worth learning.

Because the sentence is talking about a specific dentist and a specific tooth.

Romanian, like English, uses the definite form when the speaker has a particular person or thing in mind. So stomatologul and măseaua both mean the ..., not just a ....

examinează is the 3rd person singular present tense of a examina, which means to examine.

It matches stomatologul, so it means:

• he examines
• she examines
• the dentist examines

Romanian verbs change form depending on the subject.

It can mean either one.

Romanian present tense often covers both:

• examines
• is examining

The exact meaning depends on context. In a simple example sentence like this, either reading can work.

Yes. stomatolog is a normal Romanian word for dentist, especially in a medical or slightly more formal sense.

In everyday speech, many speakers also use dentist. Both exist, but stomatolog is completely natural and standard.

dinte means tooth in general.

măsea is more specific: it usually means a molar, or one of the larger back teeth.

So this sentence is more precise than one using dintele.

Romanian often uses pe with a direct object when that object is a person or another animate, specific being.

But măseaua is an inanimate thing, so pe is not used here.

That is why the sentence is simply:

• Stomatologul examinează măseaua.

not

• Stomatologul examinează pe măseaua.

A simple approximation:

• ă sounds like the unstressed vowel in about or sofa
• ea is a glide, roughly similar to ya in yeah
• x in examinează sounds like gz

A rough English-style pronunciation of the whole sentence is:

sto-ma-to-LO-gul eg-za-mi-NEA-zuh muh-SEA-wa

That is only an approximation, but it is close enough to help a beginner.

In this sentence, Romanian uses the normal subject + verb + object order:

• Stomatologul = the subject
• examinează = the verb
• măseaua = the direct object

So the dentist is doing the action, and the molar is receiving it.

Yes, Romanian word order is more flexible than English, but the sentence as given is the most neutral and straightforward order:

• Stomatologul examinează măseaua.

If you move words around, the sentence can sound more emphatic or focused. For example, fronting the object often goes with an extra object pronoun:

• Măseaua o examinează stomatologul.

That does not change the basic meaning, but it changes the emphasis.

Because Romanian often leaves out subject pronouns when they are not needed.

Here, the subject noun stomatologul is already present, so adding el or ea would be unnecessary. Romanian normally avoids repeating that information unless there is special emphasis or contrast.