Radiografia dentară arată caria.

The base noun is radiografie = X-ray / radiograph.

In Romanian, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun, not written as a separate word like English the.

So:

• radiografie = an X-ray / X-ray
• radiografia = the X-ray

In this sentence, radiografia means the dental X-ray.

Because the adjective has to agree with the noun it describes.

radiografie is:

• feminine
• singular

So the adjective must also be feminine singular:

• dentar = masculine singular
• dentară = feminine singular

That is why we get:

• radiografie dentară = dental X-ray
• radiografia dentară = the dental X-ray

In Romanian, adjectives often come after the noun, unlike in English.

So Romanian commonly says:

• radiografie dentară = literally X-ray dental

This is normal word order in Romanian. Some adjectives can come before the noun for style or emphasis, but the basic, neutral order here is:

• noun + adjective

arată is the 3rd person singular present form of the verb a arăta = to show.

So:

• eu arăt = I show
• tu arăți = you show
• el/ea arată = he/she/it shows

Here the subject is radiografia dentară, which is singular, so Romanian uses arată:

• Radiografia dentară arată... = The dental X-ray shows...

For the same reason as radiografia: it is the noun with the definite article attached.

The base noun is carie.

So:

• carie = a cavity / cavity
• caria = the cavity

This sentence uses the definite form caria.

Yes. carie is the standard Romanian word for a cavity or tooth decay.

Depending on context, English might translate it as:

• the cavity
• the caries lesion
• the tooth decay

In everyday learning, cavity is the most practical translation.

Romanian usually uses a postposed definite article, which means the is attached to the end of the noun.

Examples:

• băiat = boy

• băiatul = the boy

• carte = book
• cartea = the book

So in your sentence:

• radiografia = the X-ray
• caria = the cavity

This is one of the biggest structural differences between Romanian and English.

Because caria is a direct object, but Romanian usually uses pe only with certain direct objects, especially people, pronouns, or strongly specific animate nouns.

Compare:

• Văd medicul. = I see the doctor.
• Îl văd pe medic. = I see the doctor.
  Here pe is common because it refers to a person.

But with an inanimate object like caria, Romanian normally does not use pe:

• Radiografia dentară arată caria.

So the lack of pe is normal.

In this sentence, the basic word order helps:

• Radiografia dentară = subject
• arată = verb
• caria = direct object

So the structure is:

• Subject + Verb + Object

Romanian word order can be flexible, but this sentence uses the most straightforward pattern.

Also, semantically it makes sense that the dental X-ray is the thing that shows, and the cavity is the thing being shown.

Yes, Romanian allows more flexibility than English, but the neutral version is:

• Radiografia dentară arată caria.

Other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Caria o arată radiografia dentară.

That sounds more marked and would usually emphasize caria. A learner should treat the original sentence as the standard, natural order.

Radiografia dentară is in the nominative because it is the subject.

caria is the direct object, so functionally it is in the accusative.

However, in Romanian, for many nouns the nominative and accusative forms are identical. So you do not see a visible change here:

• subject: radiografia
• object: caria

Their role is understood mainly from word order and context.

You would use the indefinite forms:

• O radiografie dentară arată o carie.

Breakdown:

• o radiografie = a dental X-ray
• o carie = a cavity

So:

• Radiografia dentară arată caria. = The dental X-ray shows the cavity.
• O radiografie dentară arată o carie. = A dental X-ray shows a cavity.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

• ra-di-o-gra-FI-a den-TA-ră a-RA-tă KA-ri-a

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• ă is a short central vowel, something like the a in sofa, but shorter.
• c before a is a hard k sound, so caria begins with ka-.
• Romanian spelling is fairly phonetic, so once you know the sounds, it is usually pronounced close to how it is written.