A disciplina de português exige leitura diária.

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Questions & Answers about A disciplina de português exige leitura diária.

Why does the sentence start with A disciplina? Could we just say Disciplina de português exige leitura diária?

In Portuguese, you normally use the definite article (o, a, os, as) with nouns much more than in English.

  • A disciplina de portuguêsThe Portuguese class / The Portuguese subject
  • Without the article, Disciplina de português would sound incomplete or like a title in a list (e.g. on a timetable, a heading).

So in a normal sentence you should keep the article: A disciplina de português...

Does disciplina here mean discipline (like being strict) or school subject?

In this context, disciplina means school subject / course, not discipline in the sense of good behaviour.

  • disciplina = school subject, course, module
    • A disciplina de português = the Portuguese class / course
  • disciplina can also mean discipline (self-control, strictness), but you get that meaning from context, not from the word itself.

In schools and universities in Portugal, disciplina is a very common word for an individual subject.

Why is português not capitalised in disciplina de português?

In Portuguese, names of languages and nationalities are not capitalised unless they start a sentence:

  • português, inglês, francês, alemão
  • O Português only if it begins the sentence: Português é uma língua românica.

So disciplina de português is correct with a lower-case p.

Why is it de português and not do português?

De and do are different:

  • de + portuguêsde português

    • means of Portuguese (as a subject)
    • disciplina de português = Portuguese subject / course
  • de + o portuguêsdo português

    • literally of the Portuguese
    • could mean of the Portuguese language or of the Portuguese person depending on context

For a school subject, the idiomatic phrase is disciplina de português, not disciplina do português.

What verb is exige, and why is it in that form?

Exige is the 3rd person singular present form of the verb exigir (to demand / to require).

  • Infinitive: exigir (to require)
  • 3rd person singular (ele/ela/você): exige (he/she/it requires)

The subject of the verb is a disciplina de português (singular), so you need the singular form:

  • A disciplina de português exige leitura diária.
    • The Portuguese class requires daily reading.
Could we use another verb instead of exige, like requer?

Yes, both exigir and requerer can work:

  • A disciplina de português exige leitura diária.
  • A disciplina de português requer leitura diária.

Differences in feel:

  • exige – a bit stronger; suggests a firm requirement
  • requer – slightly more formal, more neutral (requires)

In everyday-school language, exige is very natural and common.

Why is it leitura diária (a noun phrase) and not something like ler todos os dias?

Both are possible, but they have different structures:

  • leitura diária = daily reading (noun + adjective)
    • more compact, a bit more formal or written
  • ler todos os dias = to read every day (verb phrase)
    • more direct, feels more conversational

For example:

  • A disciplina de português exige leitura diária.
  • A disciplina de português exige que se leia todos os dias.
  • Na disciplina de português, tens de ler todos os dias.

The original sentence uses a noun phrase (leitura diária), which is very typical in descriptions of course requirements.

Why is it diária and not diário?

In Portuguese, adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.

  • leitura is feminine singular (a leitura)
  • so the adjective must also be feminine singular: diária

Patterns:

  • masculine singular: diário (ex.: um jornal diário)
  • feminine singular: diária (ex.: leitura diária)
  • masculine plural: diários
  • feminine plural: diárias

So leitura diária is grammatically correct.

Could we say diariamente instead of diária?

Yes, but you must change the structure slightly:

  • A disciplina de português exige leitura diária.
    • literally: requires daily reading (adjective modifying the noun leitura)

If you use the adverb diariamente (daily), you typically attach it to a verb:

  • A disciplina de português exige que se leia diariamente.
    • The Portuguese class requires that one read daily.
  • A disciplina de português exige ler diariamente.
    • The Portuguese class requires reading daily.

So diária describes the reading as a type (daily reading), while diariamente describes when/how often the reading is done.

Why is there no article before leitura? Could we say exige a leitura diária?

Both are possible, but they feel slightly different:

  1. exige leitura diária

    • more generic, like saying requires daily reading (in general)
    • very natural in course descriptions, rules, etc.
  2. exige a leitura diária

    • literally requires the daily reading
    • sounds more specific, as if referring to a particular planned reading (e.g. a set of daily texts in the syllabus)

In most neutral, general statements about a course requirement, Portuguese often omits the article: exigir leitura diária.

Can the word order change, like exige diária leitura or exige leitura diariamente?

Some changes are possible; others are not natural:

  • exige leitura diária – natural and standard
  • exige leitura diariamente – also correct; more focus on the frequency (requires reading daily)

But:

  • exige diária leitura – sounds wrong/poetic at best; in normal Portuguese the adjective usually follows the noun in this kind of expression.

So you should stick with leitura diária or change diária to diariamente and attach it to a verb.

How do you pronounce exige and diária in European Portuguese?

Approximate European Portuguese pronunciation (using English-like hints):

  • exige

    • IPA: [eˈziʒɨ]
    • e = like e in bet, but shorter and tenser
    • x here sounds like z
    • gi = zh sound, like the s in measure
    • final e is a very reduced vowel, similar to an unstressed uh

    Roughly: eh-ZEE-zh(uh)

  • diária

    • IPA: [diˈaɾiɐ]
    • di = dee
    • á = stressed a, like in father but shorter
    • r = a light tap/flap, like a quick d in American English ladder
    • final a is a reduced vowel, similar to a very short uh

    Roughly: dee-AH-ree-uh (with a very weak last vowel).

Is there any difference between disciplina de português and something like aulas de português or curso de português?

Yes, there are nuances:

  • disciplina de português

    • usually a school/university subject (one unit in a study plan)
  • aulas de português

    • the lessons / classes themselves
    • Tenho aulas de português às segundas. = I have Portuguese classes on Mondays.
  • curso de português

    • a course/programme as a whole
    • often a language course you enrol in: um curso de português para estrangeiros

In the original sentence (referring to a subject that has requirements), disciplina de português is the most precise.