O problema é grave.

The problem is serious.

Breakdown of O problema é grave.

• ser: to be
• o problema: the problem
• grave: serious

Questions & Answers about O problema é grave.

What is the grammatical structure of O problema é grave.?

The sentence breaks down as follows:

• O problema is a noun phrase where o is the masculine definite article and problema is a masculine noun (despite ending in -a because of its Greek origin).
• É is the third person singular form of the verb ser, which acts as a linking verb.
• Grave is an adjective meaning serious that serves as the predicate describing the subject.

Why is the adjective grave placed after the verb instead of directly before the noun?

In Portuguese, when an adjective is used in a predicate (after a linking verb like ser), it generally follows the verb to describe the state or inherent quality of the subject. This structure differs from the attributive position where adjectives come before the noun in English. Here, grave follows é to indicate that it is describing the condition of o problema.

Can I replace é with está in this sentence? What is the difference?

No, you should not replace é with está here. The verb ser (with the form é) is used for inherent, defining, or permanent qualities. In contrast, estar (e.g., está) is used for temporary or changeable states. Since grave implies a serious and inherent quality of the problem, ser is the correct choice.

Why is the noun problema masculine even though it ends in -a?

Although many nouns ending in -a in Portuguese are feminine, problema is an exception. It comes from Greek and, by convention, is treated as a masculine noun. This is one of those irregularities that learners often need to memorize.

Are there alternative adjectives to grave that can be used to convey a similar meaning?

Yes, you could use adjectives like sério (serious) to describe a problem. However, grave often conveys a sense of urgency or critical concern that may be stronger than sério. The choice of adjective depends on the nuance you want to express regarding the problem's severity.