Król jest miły.

Polish does not have articles like the or a/an.

So król can mean king, a king, or the king, depending on context. In a simple sentence like Król jest miły, English usually translates it as The king is nice or The king is kind, but Polish does not need a separate word for the.

Jest is the 3rd person singular form of być, which means to be.

So here:

• król = king
• jest = is
• miły = nice / kind

Together: Król jest miły = The king is nice/kind.

Unlike in Russian, for example, modern Polish normally keeps the verb to be in present-tense sentences like this.

Miły changes its form to match the noun it describes.

Here it matches król, which is:

• singular
• masculine
• nominative

So the adjective appears as miły.

Some related forms are:

• miła for a feminine singular noun
• miłe for a neuter singular noun
• mili / miłe in the plural, depending on the noun group

For example:

• Król jest miły. = The king is nice.
• Królowa jest miła. = The queen is nice.

It is in the nominative case.

That is because król is the subject of the sentence — the person being talked about.

In Król jest miły:

• król = nominative subject
• miły = adjective agreeing with that subject

In a sentence like this, the adjective after jest agrees with the subject.

So since król is masculine singular nominative, the adjective is also masculine singular nominative: miły.

This is very common in Polish with predicate adjectives:

• Dom jest duży. = The house is big.
• Kawa jest gorąca. = The coffee is hot.
• Dziecko jest małe. = The child is small.

A rough pronunciation is krool, but with Polish sounds:

• k like English k
• r is rolled or tapped
• ó is pronounced like Polish u
• ł is pronounced like English w

So król sounds roughly like krool or kruwl, depending on how closely you imitate the Polish sounds.

The stress is on the only syllable: król.

Roughly: MEE-wih.

Breakdown:

• mi sounds like mee
• ł sounds like English w
• y is a Polish vowel with no exact English equivalent; it is not the same as ee

So miły is approximately MEE-wih.

Stress in Polish usually falls on the second-to-last syllable, so here the stress is on mi: MI-ły.

In modern Polish, ó and u are pronounced the same way.

So in pronunciation, król and a hypothetical spelling with u would sound the same, but the spelling matters for correctness and for related word forms.

For learners, the main thing is:

• ó = pronounced like u
• you still have to learn which words are spelled with ó and which with u

In modern standard Polish, ł is pronounced like English w.

So:

• król ends with a w-like sound
• miły has that same w-like sound in the middle

This is one of the most important pronunciation points for English speakers, because ł is not pronounced like English l.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English word order.

The neutral, most natural order here is:

• Król jest miły.

You may also see other orders for emphasis or style, but they are less neutral:

• Miły jest król. — marked, poetic, or contrastive
• Król miły jest. — very marked or literary

For a learner, Król jest miły is the best default pattern.

Not exactly. Miły can mean several things depending on context, including:

• nice
• kind
• pleasant
• sweet or friendly, in some contexts

When used about a person, kind or nice is often a good translation.

So Król jest miły could mean:

• The king is nice.
• The king is kind.

The best English version depends on context.

Normally, no — not in a standard full sentence.

The normal sentence is:

• Król jest miły.

If you say Król miły, it sounds incomplete, poetic, old-fashioned, or like a note/headline rather than a normal everyday sentence.

So as a learner, you should keep jest here.

Yes. Król is a masculine noun, and it refers to a male ruler, king.

Because it is masculine singular, the adjective also takes a masculine singular form:

• król
  • miły

If the noun were feminine, the adjective would change:

• Królowa jest miła. = The queen is nice.

So gender agreement is an important part of Polish grammar.