Widzę ogień przez okno.

In Polish, the subject pronoun is often omitted when it is clear from the verb ending.

• widzę = I see
• The ending -ę already tells you the subject is I

So Widzę ogień przez okno naturally means I see fire through the window without needing ja.

You can say Ja widzę ogień przez okno, but that usually adds emphasis, as in I see the fire.

Widzieć is the dictionary form, meaning to see.
Widzę is the first person singular present tense form, meaning I see.

So:

• widzieć = to see
• widzę = I see
• widzisz = you see
• widzi = he/she/it sees

In a normal sentence, you need the conjugated form, not the infinitive.

Ogień is in the accusative, because it is the direct object of widzę.

You are seeing what?
→ ogień

The verb widzieć usually takes the accusative case.

A useful detail: ogień is a masculine inanimate noun, and in the singular, masculine inanimate nouns often have the same form in the nominative and accusative. So although it is accusative here, it still looks like ogień.

Because the preposition przez takes the accusative case.

So:

• okno = nominative / accusative singular
• oknem = instrumental singular

After przez, you use the accusative, so:

• przez okno = through the window

That is why przez oknem would be incorrect here.

Przez okno literally means through the window.

In natural English, depending on context, it can also be understood as:

• through the window
• out the window
• via the window opening, depending on the situation

In this sentence, it tells you the means or path of perception: the speaker sees the fire by looking through the window.

Yes. Polish word order is much more flexible than English word order.

The neutral order here is:

• Widzę ogień przez okno.

But you could also say:

• Przez okno widzę ogień.
• Ogień widzę przez okno.

These versions change the emphasis, not the core meaning.

For example:

• Przez okno widzę ogień emphasizes through the window
• Ogień widzę przez okno emphasizes fire

So the original sentence is a normal, neutral way to say it.

A rough pronunciation guide for an English speaker is:

• Widzę ≈ VEE-dzeh
• ogień ≈ OH-gyeń
• przez ≈ pshesh or pshehsh
• okno ≈ OH-kno

A few key sounds:

• w in Polish sounds like English v
• rz usually sounds like zh / sh depending on voicing; in przez, it ends up sounding close to sh
• ń is a soft n, similar to the ny sound in some pronunciations of canyon
• ę is a nasal vowel, but at the end of widzę it is often pronounced less strongly in everyday speech

Yes. Ogień is the standard Polish noun for fire.

It can refer to:

• actual fire
• flames
• metaphorical fire, depending on context

In this sentence, it most naturally means actual fire that the speaker can see.

A related word is pożar, which means fire in the sense of a blaze or a building fire. So:

• ogień = fire, flame
• pożar = a fire as an accident/disaster

Because widzieć is the normal verb for the ongoing state or act of seeing. It is imperfective, which fits present-tense meaning very naturally.

In Polish, imperfective verbs are the normal choice for present tense. A perfective present usually refers to the future.

So here:

• widzę = I see / I can see

That is exactly what you would expect.

Not exactly.

• Widzę ogień przez okno = I see fire through the window
• Patrzę na ogień przez okno = I am looking at the fire through the window

The difference is similar to English:

• see = perception happens
• look at = deliberate action of directing your eyes

So widzę focuses on what is visible to you, while patrzę na focuses on the act of looking.

Yes, okno is singular: window.

If you want through the windows, you would use the plural accusative after przez:

• singular: przez okno
• plural: przez okna

So:

• Widzę ogień przez okna = I see fire through the windows

This works because okna is the nominative/accusative plural form of okno.