Zarząd przygotował dokument.

They are:

• zarząd — noun
• przygotować — verb infinitive
• dokument — noun

In dictionaries, Polish nouns are usually listed in the nominative singular, and verbs are listed in the infinitive.

Zarząd is masculine singular.

More specifically, it is grammatically masculine inanimate. Even though it refers to a group of people, Polish grammar treats the word itself as a singular noun.

That is why the verb is also singular: przygotował.

Przygotował is the past tense, 3rd person singular masculine form of przygotować.

It agrees with zarząd, which is grammatically masculine singular.

Compare:

• zarząd przygotował — masculine singular
• firma przygotowała — feminine singular
• dziecko przygotowało — neuter singular
• pracownicy przygotowali — masculine personal plural
• firmy przygotowały — non-masculine-personal plural

Because in Polish, the verb agrees with the grammatical form of the noun, not necessarily with the real-world number of people involved.

Zarząd is a singular collective noun, so Polish uses a singular verb:

• Zarząd przygotował dokument.

This is similar to how English can sometimes use singular with collective nouns, depending on style, such as the committee has decided.

Zarząd is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing doing the action.

So in this sentence:

• zarząd = who prepared?
• answer: zarząd

That makes it nominative.

Dokument is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb — the thing that was prepared.

The reason it looks unchanged is that for many masculine inanimate singular nouns, the accusative is the same as the nominative.

So:

• nominative: dokument
• accusative: dokument

That is normal.

It is perfective.

That means the sentence presents the action as completed: the document got prepared, and the action is viewed as finished.

So:

• przygotował = prepared, finished preparing
• imperfective partner: przygotowywał = was preparing / used to prepare

Compare:

• Zarząd przygotował dokument. — completed action
• Zarząd przygotowywał dokument. — ongoing or repeated process

Yes, depending on context.

Polish past tense does not match English tense choices exactly. A sentence like Zarząd przygotował dokument can often be translated as either:

• The management prepared the document
• The management has prepared the document

English chooses between past simple and present perfect more strictly; Polish often leaves that distinction to context.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible because case endings help show who is doing what.

The most neutral order here is:

• Zarząd przygotował dokument.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Dokument przygotował zarząd. — emphasizes the document or contrasts who prepared it
• Przygotował dokument zarząd. — possible, but less neutral and more marked

So the original sentence is the most straightforward, neutral version.

Because Polish has no articles like English a and the.

So dokument can mean:

• a document
• the document

The exact meaning depends on context.

The same is true for zarząd, which can be understood from context as the management, the board, and so on.

A rough English-friendly approximation is:

ZA-zhont pshih-go-TO-vow do-KOO-ment

A few useful pronunciation points:

• rz in zarząd sounds like the s in measure
• ą often sounds roughly like on/om before a consonant
• final d in zarząd is pronounced more like t because of final devoicing
• przy does not sound like English pry; it is closer to pshih
• ł in przygotował sounds like English w
• Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable:
  • za-RZĄD
  • przy-go-TO-wał
  • do-KU-ment

It refers to a group or an institutional body, not one individual person.

Depending on context, it can mean things like:

• the management
• the board
• the executive board

But grammatically, it behaves as one singular noun, which is why the verb is singular: przygotował.