To dobry sposób.

In this sentence, to works like this / that / it is in English when you identify or point something out.

So To dobry sposób. means something like:

• This is a good way.
• That is a good method.
• It’s a good way.

Exactly which English version fits best depends on context.

Polish often leaves out jest (is) in short, natural sentences like this one.

So both of these are possible:

• To dobry sposób.
• To jest dobry sposób.

The version without jest is very common and sounds natural. The version with jest is a little more explicit.

Because dobry has to match the noun sposób in gender, number, and case.

Sposób is:

• masculine
• singular
• here, nominative

So the adjective also has to be masculine singular nominative:

• dobry sposób = a good way / method

Compare:

• dobry = masculine
• dobra = feminine
• dobre = neuter

Sposób is a masculine noun.

You can tell from the adjective form in this sentence: dobry is the masculine form, so it agrees with sposób.

That is why you say:

• dobry sposób

not

• dobra sposób
• dobre sposób

It is in the nominative case.

That is important because learners often expect the instrumental after to be. But in this kind of to identification sentence, Polish uses the nominative:

• To dobry sposób.
• To jest dobry sposób.

Compare that with a different structure:

• On jest dobrym nauczycielem. = He is a good teacher.

There, dobrym nauczycielem is instrumental. But with to, Polish normally uses nominative.

Because Polish does not have articles.

So dobry sposób can mean:

• a good way
• the good way

Usually context tells you which one is meant. In this sentence, English will normally translate it as a good way or a good method.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

• to ≈ taw (short o sound)
• dobry ≈ DOH-bri (but the Polish y is not exactly English ee)
• sposób ≈ SPO-sup

A few useful details:

• ó is pronounced like u
• the final b in sposób is pronounced more like p at the end of the word
• Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable, so here the stress is:
  • TO DO-bry SPO-sób? Wait, more precisely:
  • TO DObry SPOsób at the word level:
    • dobry → stress on do
    • sposób → stress on spo

Yes. That is completely correct.

• To dobry sposób. = shorter, very natural
• To jest dobry sposób. = also natural, slightly fuller

In everyday speech, Polish often drops jest in sentences like this.

To dobry sposób. is the most neutral and natural order.

Polish word order is flexible, but changing it usually changes the emphasis.

For example:

• To dobry sposób. = neutral: That’s a good way.
• Dobry to sposób. = marked/emphatic, more literary or contrastive
• Sposób jest dobry. = possible, but it sounds like you are specifically commenting on the method

So for a learner, To dobry sposób. is the best basic pattern.

Yes. Sposób is a broad word.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• way
• method
• means
• approach

So To dobry sposób. could be understood as:

• That’s a good way.
• That’s a good method.
• That’s a good approach.

It can cover both, depending on context.

In a sentence like To dobry sposób, to is often best understood as a general pointing/identifying word:

• this
• that
• sometimes it

So you should not try to force only one English equivalent every time. The surrounding situation decides the best translation.