W salonie optycznym optyk zbada mój wzrok i poda dioptrie.

Here salon does not mean living room. In this context, salon means a store, showroom, or business premises. So salon optyczny means an optical store / optician’s shop.

Polish salon can mean different things depending on context:

• salon = living room
• salon samochodowy = car showroom
• salon fryzjerski = hair salon
• salon optyczny = optical store / optician’s

So you have to rely on context.

You are right that Polish adjectives often come before the noun. But in some fixed expressions, business names, classifications, and more formal labels, the adjective often comes after the noun.

So salon optyczny is a normal, established expression for this kind of place.

Compare:

• optyczny salon = possible, but less standard here
• salon optyczny = the usual phrase

This noun + adjective order is common in names of places and services.

Because after w meaning in or at for location, Polish uses the locative case.

That means:

• salon → salonie
• optyczny → optycznym

So:

• w salonie optycznym = in / at the optical store

If w expresses movement into something, it usually takes the accusative instead:

• wchodzę w salon = I am entering the salon

But here the meaning is location, not movement, so you need the locative.

Not exactly.

• optyk = optician
• okulista = eye doctor / ophthalmologist
• optometrysta = optometrist

In everyday Polish, optyk is the person associated with glasses, lenses, and often eyesight testing in an optical store. But medically speaking, okulista is the doctor.

So in this sentence, optyk is best understood as optician.

Because they are perfective verbs, and in Polish the present-tense forms of perfective verbs usually have future meaning.

Here:

• zbadać = perfective to examine
• podać = perfective to give / state / provide

So:

• zbada = will examine
• poda = will give / will tell / will provide

This is very common in Polish.

Compare:

• bada = is examining / examines

• zbada = will examine fully, as a completed action

• podaje = gives / is giving
• poda = will give

The perfective aspect fits well here because the sentence describes two completed actions during one appointment.

Because Polish usually drops subject pronouns when they are not needed.

The verb ending already tells you it is:

• 3rd person singular

So zbada by itself already means:

• he/she/it will examine

Since the noun optyk appears right before it, the subject is clear:

• optyk zbada = the optician will examine

Adding on would usually sound unnecessary here.

Wzrok is the direct object of zbada, so it is in the accusative case.

The tricky part is that for many masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative looks the same as the nominative.

So:

• nominative: wzrok
• accusative: wzrok

That is why you do not see a change in the noun.

The possessive adjective mój agrees with the noun:

• mój wzrok = my eyesight

So even though it is the object, the form still looks like mój wzrok.

Here wzrok means eyesight or vision, not the physical eye.

Useful distinction:

• oko = eye
• oczy = eyes
• wzrok = eyesight / sense of vision

So:

• zbada mój wzrok = will examine my eyesight

If you said zbada moje oczy, that would mean examining the eyes themselves more physically.

It means something like:

• will tell me the diopters
• will give me the prescription values
• will state what lens strength I need

This is understandable and natural enough in everyday speech, although in real life people might also say things like:

• dobierze szkła
• określi wadę wzroku
• poda moc szkieł
• wypisze receptę

So poda dioptrie is fine, but it is a bit shorthand-like and practical.

Also, podać does not only mean physically hand over something. It can also mean:

• state
• tell
• give information

Because the normal noun is:

• singular: dioptria
• plural: dioptrie

In practice, prescriptions often involve more than one value, for example:

• one value for each eye
• additional lens measurements

So the plural is very natural.

Grammatically, dioptrie here is also the direct object of poda, and its accusative plural form looks the same as the nominative plural.

Yes, both are possible, but they sound slightly different.

• zbada mój wzrok = explicit, clear, slightly more emphatic
• zbada wzrok = possible if the context already makes it obvious whose eyesight is meant
• zbada mi wzrok = very natural everyday Polish, with mi meaning for me / on me

So:

• optyk zbada mój wzrok = the optician will examine my eyesight
• optyk zbada mi wzrok = the optician will examine my eyesight for me

The version with mi is especially common in spoken Polish.

Yes, very often you can.

Compare:

• w salonie optycznym = in/at the optical store
• u optyka = at the optician’s place / with the optician

Both are natural, but the nuance is slightly different:

• w salonie optycznym emphasizes the place as a business
• u optyka sounds more personal and everyday

So a very natural alternative would be:

• U optyka optyk zbada mój wzrok i poda dioptrie.

Or even more naturally:

• U optyka zbadają mi wzrok i podadzą dioptrie.

The word order is not completely fixed. Polish allows a lot of flexibility, because case endings show the grammatical roles.

The given sentence is neutral and clear:

• W salonie optycznym optyk zbada mój wzrok i poda dioptrie.

But other orders are also possible, depending on emphasis:

• Optyk w salonie optycznym zbada mój wzrok i poda dioptrie.
• Mój wzrok optyk zbada w salonie optycznym i poda dioptrie.
  This is grammatical, but more marked and less neutral.

So yes, the order can change, but the original sentence sounds natural and straightforward.