Mamy nadwyżkę.

Mamy is the 1st person plural form of the verb mieć (to have).

So:

• mieć = to have
• mam = I have
• masz = you have
• ma = he/she/it has
• mamy = we have
• macie = you all have
• mają = they have

In Mamy nadwyżkę, mamy means we have.

In Polish, the verb ending usually already tells you who the subject is, so the pronoun is often omitted.

Here, -my in mamy already means we.

So:

• Mamy nadwyżkę. = We have a surplus.
• My mamy nadwyżkę. also works, but my is usually added only for emphasis, like We have a surplus (not someone else).

This is very normal in Polish.

Because nadwyżka is the direct object of the verb mieć (to have), so it goes into the accusative case.

The dictionary form is:

• nadwyżka = nominative singular

But after mamy / have, you need the accusative:

• nadwyżkę = accusative singular

This is a very common pattern in Polish:

• Mam książkę. = I have a book.
• Mamy nadwyżkę. = We have a surplus.

For many feminine nouns ending in -a, the accusative singular changes to -ę.

Nadwyżka is a feminine noun.

You can tell because its basic form ends in -a, which is very often feminine in Polish.

That matters because feminine nouns often change like this:

• nominative: nadwyżka
• accusative: nadwyżkę

So the ending in this sentence is connected to the noun’s gender and case.

Nadwyżka usually means something like:

• surplus
• excess
• extra amount
• sometimes profit over costs or a budget surplus, depending on context

It is often used in:

• finance
• business
• budgeting
• supply/stock discussions
• any context where there is more than needed or more than expected

So it is a fairly practical, somewhat formal word. In everyday speech, people might sometimes choose a different expression depending on the situation.

Yes, Mamy nadwyżkę. is natural.

It sounds especially natural in contexts like:

• accounting
• budgeting
• inventory
• production
• planning

For example, it could mean:

• there is money left over
• there is extra stock
• output exceeded expectations
• there is more than needed

It is a short, neutral sentence.

Yes, but it is slightly different.

• Mamy nadwyżkę. = We have a surplus.

  • focuses on our situation
  • suggests possession or responsibility

• Jest nadwyżka. = There is a surplus.

  • more impersonal
  • focuses on the existence of the surplus

So both can work, but they are not exactly the same in emphasis.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English, although the neutral order here is:

• Mamy nadwyżkę.

You might also hear:

• Nadwyżkę mamy.

That version sounds more marked and could emphasize the surplus specifically, depending on context.

For a learner, Mamy nadwyżkę is the safest and most neutral order.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation guide would be:

• Mamy ≈ MAH-mih
• nadwyżkę ≈ nad-VIHSH-keh / nad-VIHZH-keh

A few notes:

• Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable.
  • MA-my
  • nad-WYŻ-kę
• ż is like the s in measure or zh sound.
• Final ę is often pronounced less like a full nasal vowel in everyday speech, especially at the end of a word. Learners often hear something close to -ke or -keh.

You do not need to overdo the nasal sound at first.

Yes: mamy can also be the plural of mama in some contexts, meaning moms/mums.

For example:

• Mamy czekają. = Moms are waiting.

But in Mamy nadwyżkę, it is clearly the verb we have, because it is followed by an object in the accusative.

So context tells you which meaning is intended.

The main thing to notice is the combination of:

• a conjugated verb: mamy
• a case change: nadwyżka → nadwyżkę

That pattern is extremely common in Polish. So this sentence is useful because it teaches two important habits at once:

1. Polish often drops subject pronouns.
2. Direct objects often change form.

If you remember mam/mamy + accusative, you will be able to build many similar sentences:

• Mam kawę.
• Mamy problem.
• Mamy książkę.
• Mamy nadwyżkę.